Lecture 1 intro and innate immunity

Question 1

What is immunity?

Answer 1

Immunity is the state of protection against foreign pathogens or antigens

Question 2

What are the four features of innate immunity?

Answer 2

Immediate, standardised, no memory and non-specific

Question 3

What are the four barriers of innate immunity?

Answer 3

Anatomical, physiological, phagocytic and inflammatory barriers

Question 4

Describe the anatomical barriers to infection (2)

Answer 4

Epithelial barriers prevent pathogen entry into body
(skin, mucosal barriers)
Intestinal normal flora form a physical barrier by competing against pathogens

Question 5

Describe the physiological barriers (5)

Answer 5

• Body temp
• low pH in stomach
• Lysozome secretion
• antibacterial peptides
• Complement

Question 6

Describe phagocytosis barriers

Answer 6

Macrophages engulf and internalise pathogens and kill them

Question 7

Describe inflammatory responses

Answer 7

Cytokines and chemokines trigger inflammatory response due to innate responses to infection

Question 8

What is acute phase responses

Answer 8

Later stages of inflammatory induced by proinflammatory cytokines

Question 9

What are PAMPS, DAMPS, and PRRs

Answer 9

PAMPS - pathogen associated molecular patterns are generic molecules found on most microbes
DAMPS - damage associated molecular patterns
PRRs - pattern recognition receptors recognise PAMPS and DAMPS and target them for clearance.

Question 10

Where are PRRs located (4)

Answer 10

Membrane bound (TLRs)
Cytoplasm
Within vesicles \
Soluble

Question 11

What are the two components of Adaptive immunity?

Answer 11

Active - Antibodies produced by host (natural and artificial)
Passive - antibodies given to host (active and artificial)