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Intro to Psychobiology > Lecture 1 - Intro > Flashcards

Lecture 1 - Intro Flashcards

1
Q

What is the fundamental assumption of the biological basis of behaviour?

A
  • Behaviour is governed by activity of the brain and therefore…
  • To understand behaviour you must first understand the brain.
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2
Q

What does the implicit assumption of the biological bases of behaviour involve?

A

Dualism and Monism

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3
Q

What does dualism suggest?

A

The body is physical and the mind/soul is not.

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4
Q

What does monism suggest?

A

The mind is a phenomenon produced by the workings of the nervous system.

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5
Q

Is modern experimental psychology dualist or monist?

A

Monist.

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6
Q

How many degrees of reductionism are there?

A

3

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7
Q

What are the different degrees of reductionism?

A

Macro anatomical level

Micro anatomical level

Macromolecule level

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8
Q

What is the macro anatomical level of reductionism?

A

The functional interaction of different brain areas.

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9
Q

What is the micro anatomical level of reductionism?

A

The functional interaction of different brain cells

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10
Q

What is the macro molecule level of reductionism?

A

The functional interaction of individual protein molecules.

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11
Q

What are the outer coverings of the cerebral hemispheres called?

A

The cerebral cortex.

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12
Q

Where is consciousness thought to be ‘located’?

A

Cerebral cortex

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13
Q

What is the term that describes an individual’s ability to guess or detect a stimulus without being aware of it?

A

Blind sight

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14
Q

Which hemisphere is Broca’s area found?

A

Left

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15
Q

Which lobe is Broca’s area found?

A

Posterior region of frontal lobe

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16
Q

What is Broca’s area responsible for?

A

Speech production

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17
Q

Which hemisphere is Wernicke’s area found?

A

Left

18
Q

Which lobe is Wernicke’s area found?

A

Superior region of temporal lobe

19
Q

What is lateralisation?

A

The way that one hemisphere of the brain predominantly controls particular processes or functions.

20
Q

Which hemisphere is dominant?

A

The left

21
Q

What is the function of the cerebrum?

A

To integrate the sensory and neural function as well as initiate and co-ordinate voluntary activity in the body.

22
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

To co-ordinate muscular activity.

23
Q

What is the function of the brain stem?

A

Controls flow of messages between the body and the brain.

Regulates key processes such as breathing, swallowing, heart rate, blood pressure, as the brains stem contains the medulla oblongata.

24
Q

What does the cerebral cortex allow?

A

Consciousness.

25
Q

What is the function of the superior colliculus?

A

Integrates sensory information into motor signals that help transfer messages from the spinal cord to the brain.

26
Q

Where is the primary visual centre in the brain?

A

Optic tectum.

27
Q

What is the function of the corpus callosum?

A

Allows communication between the left and right hemisphere.

28
Q

What is the function of the internal capsule?

A

Allows communication between the cerebral cortex and the rest of the body.

29
Q

What is contralateralisation?

A

The way that the left hemisphere controls the right hand side of the body and vice versa.

30
Q

What is hemi-paresis and why may it come about?

A

Difficulty in controlling one side of the body due to damage to the internal capsule.

31
Q

What is a brain cell?

A

Fundamental building block of all biological organisms.

32
Q

What are glia?

A

Supporting cells in the brain.

33
Q

Why is it rare for tumours to occur in neurons?

A

Because mitosis doesn’t occur in neurons.

34
Q

What are dendrites?

A

Branch like processes on the cell body that receive information from other neurons.

35
Q

What is an axon?

A

Long, filament like process which branches and carries information away from the cell body to other neurons.

36
Q

What are microtubules?

A

The transport system for moving proteins up or down an axon.

37
Q

What is an action potential?

A

An electrical signal which runs down the axon and away from the cell body.

38
Q

What is myelin sheath?

A

A layer of insulation (fat) which surrounds an axon and helps the flow of electrical current.

39
Q

What is a node of ranvier?

A

A gap in the myelin sheath that forces the action potential to jump from node to node.

40
Q

What is a schwann cell?

A

Produces myelin sheath.

Intro to Psychobiology (8 decks)

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