Lecture 1: intro

Question 1

What is a mechanism of action?

Answer 1

process by which a drug functions to produce pharmacological effects

Question 2

____ is any substance that brings about a change in biological function through its chemical actions.

Answer 2

drug (ligand)

Question 3

___ is a macromolecule (target molecule) in the membrane or inside of the cell that binds with a drug molecule.

Answer 3

receptor

Question 4

How do drugs interact with receptors?

Answer 4

By means of chemical forces or bonds

Question 5

Strong bonds =

Answer 5

covalent

Question 6

ionic bonds =

Answer 6

electrostatic

Question 7

weak bonds

Answer 7

hydrophobic

Question 8

What is drug selectivity

Answer 8

degree to which a drug acts on a given site relative to other sites

Question 9

In order for a drug to bind to a receptor, it must be the appropriate…

Answer 9

size
electrical charge
shape
atomic composition

Question 10

Relatively nonselective drugs:

Answer 10

affect many different tissues or organs (e.g.,atropine)

Question 11

Relatively selective drugs:

Answer 11

affect targeted areas (e.g., NSAIDs such as aspirin and ibuprofen)

Question 12

Highly selective drugsaffect

Answer 12

a single organ or system (e.g.,digoxin, sleep aids)

Question 13

Define poisons

Answer 13

drugs that have almost exclusively harmful effects.

Question 14

Define toxins

Answer 14

as poisons of biologic origin, synthesized by plants or animals.

Question 15

Inorganic poisons

Answer 15

poisons such as lead or arsenic.

Question 16

Pharmacodynamics is

Answer 16

the study of the magnitude and variation of drug responses.
- It denotes the actions of the drug on the body (i.e., MoA, therapeutic effect, toxic effect).

Question 17

Examples of pharmodynamics

Answer 17

• receptors, effectors
• dose-response curves
• agonists, antagonist
• signaling mechanisms
• receptor regulation

Question 18

Pharmacokinetics (PK or ADME) describes

Answer 18

the effects of the body on drugs.
- It determines the onset, duration, and intensity of a drug’s effect.

Question 19

examples of Pharmacokinetics

Answer 19

• movement of drug in body
• absorption
• distribution
• metabolism
• elimination

Question 20

What is biodisposition

Answer 20

a term used to describe the processes of metabolism and excretion.

Question 21

PK-PD chart

Answer 21

Question 22

Black box warnings are

Answer 22

meant to draw attention to a medication’s serious or life-threatening side effects or risks

Question 23

What are indications

Answer 23

reason to use a specific drug

Question 24

What are contraindictions

Answer 24

condition to not take a medication

Question 25

off-label

Answer 25

When the indication, dose, or form of a drug is not FDA approved to treat an illness or symptoms

Question 26

Chemical name

Answer 26

name given when drug is first discovered
- describes the atomic or molecular structure of the drug.

Question 27

Generic name

Answer 27

(official name)
- is assigned, in the United States, by an official body—the United States Adopted Names (USAN) Council.

Question 28

Brand name

Answer 28

(trademark name)
- company name drug

Question 29

What is a prototype drug

Answer 29

a drug(s) that typifies the most important characteristics of the group of drugs.