Lecture 1: intro Flashcards
What is a mechanism of action?
process by which a drug functions to produce pharmacological effects
____ is any substance that brings about a change in biological function through its chemical actions.
drug (ligand)
___ is a macromolecule (target molecule) in the membrane or inside of the cell that binds with a drug molecule.
receptor
How do drugs interact with receptors?
By means of chemical forces or bonds
Strong bonds =
covalent
ionic bonds =
electrostatic
weak bonds
hydrophobic
What is drug selectivity
degree to which a drug acts on a given site relative to other sites
In order for a drug to bind to a receptor, it must be the appropriate…
size
electrical charge
shape
atomic composition
Relatively nonselective drugs:
affect many different tissues or organs (e.g.,atropine)
Relatively selective drugs:
affect targeted areas (e.g., NSAIDs such as aspirin and ibuprofen)
Highly selective drugsaffect
a single organ or system (e.g.,digoxin, sleep aids)
Define poisons
drugs that have almost exclusively harmful effects.
Define toxins
as poisons of biologic origin, synthesized by plants or animals.
Inorganic poisons
poisons such as lead or arsenic.
Pharmacodynamics is
the study of the magnitude and variation of drug responses.
- It denotes the actions of the drug on the body (i.e., MoA, therapeutic effect, toxic effect).
Examples of pharmodynamics
- receptors, effectors
- dose-response curves
- agonists, antagonist
- signaling mechanisms
- receptor regulation
Pharmacokinetics (PK or ADME) describes
the effects of the body on drugs.
- It determines the onset, duration, and intensity of a drug’s effect.
examples of Pharmacokinetics
- movement of drug in body
- absorption
- distribution
- metabolism
- elimination
What is biodisposition
a term used to describe the processes of metabolism and excretion.
PK-PD chart
Black box warnings are
meant to draw attention to a medication’s serious or life-threatening side effects or risks
What are indications
reason to use a specific drug
What are contraindictions
condition to not take a medication
off-label
When the indication, dose, or form of a drug is not FDA approved to treat an illness or symptoms
Chemical name
name given when drug is first discovered
- describes the atomic or molecular structure of the drug.
Generic name
(official name)
- is assigned, in the United States, by an official body—the United States Adopted Names (USAN) Council.
Brand name
(trademark name)
- company name drug
What is a prototype drug
a drug(s) that typifies the most important characteristics of the group of drugs.
