Lecture 1: Immunity

Question 1

What are the functions of the immune system?

Answer 1

• Recognition of pathogens
• Contain and eliminate the pathogen via immune effector functions
• Regulate the response to limit damage to the host
• Development of immunological memory (Adaptive Memory)

Question 2

The Humoral response uses _____________________ to defend against pathogens.

Answer 2

Antibodies via B-cells

Question 3

The Cell-mediated response uses ___________________ to defend against pathogens

Answer 3

T-cells and NK cells

Question 4

Why is the secondary infection response faster and greater than the primary infection?

Answer 4

Memory cells are formed in the primary response that quickly proliferate if the same pathogen is encountered again

Question 5

WBC originate in the ___________ and move to ______________________

Answer 5

Bone Marrow

Peripheral tissues and circulatory systems

Question 6

What are 2 APC and what do they do?

Answer 6

APC = Antigen Presenting Cells

Dendritic cells and Macrophages consume a pathogen and display it’s antigen on their cell membranes and migrate to present the antigen to the CD4 T-cells

Question 7

What are PPRs and what is there function?

Answer 7

Pattern Recognition Receptors on the innate immune system cells provide the initial discrimination between self and non-self

Question 8

What are Chemokines and what is their function?

Answer 8

Chemicals released by innate immune cells that draw other immune cells to the site via chemotaxis

Question 9

What are Cytokines and what is their function?

Answer 9

Chemicals released by cells that cause changes in other tissues

Question 10

How do Dendritic cells present antigen?

Answer 10

1. Use PPRs to recognise self and non-self
2. Pathogen is ingested and broken down
3. All or part of the pathogens antigen is displayed on the cell surface
4. Migrates to CD4 T-cells
5. Presents antigen and releases other co-stimulatory molecules

Question 11

What are PAMPs?

Answer 11

Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns found on pathogens that allow cells to recognise pathogens

Question 12

In the lymph node, B-cells are found in the __________ and the T-cells are found in the __________.

Answer 12

Cortex

Medulla

Question 13

What is the antigen receptor on the B-Cells?

Answer 13

An immunoglobulin

Question 14

What is the antigen receptor on the T-cells?

Answer 14

T-Cell Receptor (TCR)

Question 15

What are the functions of antibodies?

Answer 15

Bind, neutralise and activate complement systems against antigens

Question 16

How do T-cells recognise antigen?

Answer 16

TCRs recognise linear peptides that are presented on the MHC molecules on APCs