Lecture 1- History Flashcards
Donders experiments on RT led to which approach?
Cognitive subtraction
Descartes suggested the mind and body interacted at which gland?
Pineal gland
Who supported functional localisation?
Brodmann, Broca, Wernicke
Who’s a dualist and what is it?
Descartes
Body = brain / Mind is separate
Those with mental illness lost connection between brain and mind
Who was the first to describe differences in cytoarchitecture?
Brodmann
What did Gall support?
Phrenology and localisation of function (1800)
Who coined the term psychophysics? what is it?
Fechner & Weber
Describes the study of how humans perceive physical magnitudes
Weber-Fechner Law
Weber Fraction
The Just Noticeable Difference is constant and proportional to the initial stimuli
One can detect a 10% change between two stimuli
Absolute Thresholds
Minimum amount of stimulation needed to detect stimulus
Difference Thresholds
Minimum difference needed to detect difference between two stimuli
Ebbinghaus (1885)
The Ebbinghaus Forgetting Curve - shows forgetting is not a linear process
Showed recency and primacy effect
What is Structuralism?
Wundt (1879)
Study of the elements of consciousness
Idea that consciousness can be broken down into basic elements
Much like the periodic table
What is Functionalism?
William James (1890)
Considers mental life and behaviour in terms of active adaptation to the person’s eviroment
Challenge to Structuralism
Precursor to behaviourism
What is Behaviourism?
Watson (1913) - classical and operant conditioning
Study of behaviour, not consciousness
Who challenged Behaviourism?
Tolman (1938) - showed that rats had internal map of maze
Chomsky (1959)
What did Broadbent develop and upon who’s was it based?
Devloped a computer like process of mental attention (1958) based on Cherry’s (1953) dichotic listening task
The neuron doctrine?
The concept that the nervous system is made up of discrete individual cells - (Cajal- led to the finding of the synapse)
Golgi stains?
Only stained 1/20 neurons
Slide appeared to show masses of interconnected tubes - against localisation
Equipotentiality
Karl Lashley - The apparent capacity of any intact part of a functional brain to carry out… the [memory] functions which are lost by the destruction of [other parts]”
In other words, the brain can co-opt other areas to take over the role of the damaged part
Who invented EEG?
Berger, 1924
Who confirmed Hans Berger’s EEG findings?
Adrian and Matthews, 1934
Tennis coma study?
Monti et al., 2010
Representation of the visual world?
Wandell et al., 2007
Representation of the body?
Penfield and Jasper, 1954
Representations of the spatial environment?
O’Keefe, 1971
Hierarchal top-down processing? (vision and somatosensory)
Felleman and Van Essen, 1991
Two streams hypothesis?
Milner and Goodale, 1995
“neural network of frontal lobe areas acts as a central bottleneck of information processing that severely limits our ability to multitask”
Dux et al 2006
