Lecture 1 - Genome Expression Flashcards
What are the three primary branches on the tree of life?
-Bacteria (Eubacteria) -Archaea (Archaebacteria) -Eucaryotes
Archaea and bacteria are considered what type of cells?
Prokaryotes
What are the characteristics of a prokaryote?
- single-celled
- lack nucleus and organelles
These cells come together and form biofilms
Prokaryotes
What protects prokaryotes from outer conditions?
The cell wall
What are the characteristics of a eukaryote?
- single-celled or multicellular
- have nuclei and organelles
What is the function of the nucleus?
Houses the genetic material
What are the functions of organelles?
Helps with specific functions
Where does transcription occur in a prokaryote? Where does translation occur?
They both occur inside the same compartment, they occur at the same time.
Which of the two cells is larger?
Eukaryotes are much larger.
In what ways do eukaryotes differ structurally from prokaryotes?
Eukaryotes are compartimentalized.
What allows eukaryotes to change shape?
Extensive cytoskeletal network
Describe the endosymbiotic relationship
A predator would go around eating prokaryotes until one benefitted it. It became the mitochondria and chloroplast.
Name a phagocytic cell
Neutrophil
Describe a phagocytic cell
- Scavenges for bacteria
- Very fluid
- Changes shape using phagocytosis