Lecture 1 - Evidence on how to achieve a meaningful life - StudyKit (1)

Question 1

Evidence Based Data

Answer 1

SCERP:
Systematic research
Consensus
Empirical data
Replication
Peer review

Question 2

Pyramid of evidence

Answer 2

Base ground: background info/expert opinion
Top: meta analysis

Question 3

Bradford Hill Criteria

Answer 3

Says how 2 things related to each other:
coherence
plausibility
specificity
bio gradient
constancy
strength
temporality
analogy
exp evidence

Question 4

Science Literacy and importance

Answer 4

Engage w/ scientific concepts, principles, and info effectively
Ability to comprehend, evaluate, and apply scientific info in various aspects of life
Importance:
for informed decision making
public policy
global challenges

Question 5

Dunning-Kruger Effect

Answer 5

In the graph: cognitive effect
Less you know the more you think you know (confidence high)
overestimated
More you know less the think you know (confidence is low)

Question 6

Is it pseudoscience

Answer 6

Source credibility
Citations
Visuals
Strategies to misinfo

Question 7

Strategies to spread misinfo

Answer 7

Sensationalism
Impersonation
Emotion
Polarization
Conspiracy
Discredit
Trolling

Question 8

Evidence-based practice (best available evidence)

Answer 8

Evidence based =/ evidence informed
-systemic research
- empirical data
- peer review
- replicability
- concern us with scientific community
pyramid of evidence

Question 9

Bradford Hill Criteria

Answer 9

A set of criteria that are used to establish cause-and-effect relationships based on observational studies (that is, the criteria used when randomized experiments are not feasible or ethical)

Question 10

Strength (effect size)

Answer 10

A small association does not mean that there is not a causal effect, though the larger the association, the more likely that it is causal

Question 11

Consistency (reproducibility)

Answer 11

Consistent findings observed by different persons in different places with different samples strengthens the likelihood of an effect.

Question 12

Specificity

Answer 12

Causation is more plausible if association is highly specific to population, site, disease w/out other likely explanations

Question 13

Temporality

Answer 13

Cause must occur b4 effect, if delay expected btw cause and effect, then effect should follow delay

Question 14

Bio gradient (dose response relationship)

Answer 14

Bio gradient btw exposure and magnitude of effect increases confidence in causality

Question 15

Plausibility

Answer 15

Plausibility mechanism linking cause and effect which supported by scientific evidence

Question 16

Coherence

Answer 16

Consistency btw epidemiology and laboratory findings strengthens case for effect

Question 17

Experiment

Answer 17

A set of controlled observations that test the hypothesis. Experimental evidence enhances probability of causation

Question 18

Analogy

Answer 18

A comparison of two different things that are similar in some way. Provide support for causation

Question 19

Science literacy and importance

Answer 19

Engage w/ scientific concepts, principles, and info effectively
Ability to comprehend, evaluate, apply scientific info in diff aspects of life
Informed decision making - health and wellness, public policy, global challenges

Question 20

Criteria if something is pseudoscience

Answer 20

Source credibility
Citations
Visuals
Strategies to spread misinformation

Question 21

Spreading Misinformation

Answer 21

Check citations
Visuals
Sources

Question 22

Dunning-Kruger effect

Answer 22

The graph:
The less time you spend like at the beginning on learning, the more you think you know.
And the more you learn the less you think you know

Question 23

Cards Downloaded From

Answer 23

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