Lecture 1- Europe Flashcards
Where does European medicine have its roots?
In the Nile valley of Egypt
How far back does evidence of medicinal use of plants in Europe date back?
At least 5,000 years
What is the earliest extant record of medicinal plant use in Europe?
Ebers Papyrus
Who recovered Ebers Papyrus? When?
Edwin Smith at Thebes in 1862
Who purchased the Ebers Papyrus after it was recovered? When?
German Egyptologist Georg Ebers in 1873
When was Ebers Papyrus written?
3,550 ya
Ebers Papyrus was written in 3,550y a, but why is it said to be much older?
Because it contains reference to medicinal knowledge from the VI Dynasty (4,500ya)
What is Ebers papyrus and what does it contain?
It is a 20.3m scull, 110 pages, listing over 700 remedies and recipes for the treatment of various diseases and symptoms
How many remedies and recipes does the Ebers Papyrus contain?
700
What is castor oil used as today?
An effective laxative
T or F: Anumber of plants mentioned in the Ebers Papyrus are still used today.
True
Who completed DeMateria Medica in 77CE?
Dioscorides (40-90CE)
Which Roman expanded on Dioscorides work and produced an encyclopedic work of Greek medical teaching with greater attention to pharmacology?
Galen
Which empire fell in 476CE?
western Roman Empire
What was the time between the 5-15 century called and what was established at this time?
The Middle Ages where a number of medical schools were established in Europe
Which medical schools were established in Europe in the middle ages?
Montpellier, Oxford University, U of Paris, U of Bologna
Who was Constantine the African?
- a Muslim from Runisian who contributed to the accumulation of ancient knowledge.
- Translated Islamic medical text into Latin for the Salerno school
When was the printing press and movable type invented? And by who?
1450, by Johannes Gutenberg
When was the Renaissance period and what were the major advances at this time?
1470-1670, major advances were made in European medicine
What was known as incunabula “Age of Herbals”? During what years?
Early/”Cradle” year of printing. 1450-1500
Who wrote the work De Historia Stirpium and what did it describe and include?
Leonhart Fuchs (Basel, 1542). It described plants based on early Greek and Roman Text It included woodcut illustrations and high botanical accuracy
Who’s work was largely a translation of Dioscorides?
Pier Andrea Mattiolo (Venice, 1544)
Who is responsible for the work The New Herball? What did it include?
William Turner (London, 1551). It described the medicinal plants used in Europe and detailed comments on the efficacy of herbal remedies
Who’s work included over 800 accurate and beautiful woodcuts?
Rembert Dodoens (Antwerp, 1554). Book of Herbs 1597, John Gerard printed Herbal plagiarized from Dodoens work
