Lecture 1 Episodic Memory

Question 1

What is episodic memory?

Answer 1

The ability to recall specific events about ones own past. This includes verbal, visual, motoric and accoustic information.

Question 2

What is semantic memory

Answer 2

General knowledge

Question 3

What is implicit memory?

Answer 3

automatic and habitual memory. like muscle memory. ex: riding a bike

Question 4

Why is episodic memory important?

Answer 4

Because it supports mundane yet crucial abilities

Question 5

When and how did investigation into memory development start?

Answer 5

During the end of the 19th century, through case studies, comparisons with adult literature and testimonial competence

Question 6

Does autobiographical memory have a late development?

Answer 6

Yes, it is absent before age 3

Question 7

What are two possible explanations for the late development of autobiographical memory?

Answer 7

1. Cognitive self is not yet developed, possibly because the necessary structures are not yet developed
2. Due to insufficient language skills and social interactions

Question 8

What do 3 year olds show in regards to autobiographical memory?

Answer 8

General and temporally organised knowledge for recurring events as well as ability to remember novel and unusual events (in past 6+ months)

Question 9

What can be said about the general development of autobiographical memory?

Answer 9

The ability to remember specific events for long time period increases with age (number and robustness)

Question 10

Where lies the emphasis in eyewitness memory?

Answer 10

Eyewitness memory emphasises accuracy rather than amount of information

Question 11

What kind of experimental settings are used to research eyewitness memory?

Answer 11

staged/videotaped events: to recollect potentially traumatic experiences
Interview period (general prompts, specific questions)

Question 12

What are the 4 determinants of memory development?

Answer 12

Basic capacities, Domain knowledge, Metacognitive knowledge and Memory strategies

Question 13

What can be said about the influence of the 4 Determinants on memory development?

Answer 13

some contribute more than others and their influence varies between childhood periods

Question 14

What is metamemory and how many types are there?

Answer 14

Knowledge about memory processes and contents. there are two types of metamemory: declarative and procedural

Question 15

What is declarative metacognitive knowledge?

Answer 15

Knowledge about memory per se, understanding that certain factors can influence memory like age or the task

Question 16

What is procedural metacognitive memory?

Answer 16

How well we are able to monitor our own abilities and understand our progress and react and adjust to that

Question 17

How is memory developed?

Answer 17

Memory development is the result of the dynamic interaction between biological and experiential factors

Question 18

What have neuroimaging studies shown us about memory and brain structure?

Answer 18

Studies of the healthy adult brain have indicated that specific brain structures are involved in the ability to recollect events from ones past (e.g. hippocampus and prefrontal cortex). Research shows that these brain structures undergo important developmental changes during childhood and adolescence. Due to There being consistent age-related differences in the activation profiles of these regions.