Lecture 1 - Energy Systems Flashcards
What is Energy?
“Matter which manifests as a capacity to perform work”
Used for muscular contractions to facilitate movement
What is ATP and it’s reactions?
Adenosine TriPhosphate
ATP => ADP + Pi + Energy
ADP + Pi + Energy => ATP
What is the function of myofibrillar ATPase?
Catalyses the reactions of ATP
Located in the head of myosin molecules
Sufficient for 2 secs of contraction for max exercise
What are the different aerobic/anaerobic energy systems and how do they work?
Aerobic Energy System
ATP/PCr system
Lactic Acid System
All work at the same time and contribute during all activities
ATP PCr System
What is the enzyme and the reaction?
What is the amount of ATP per second?
Time period used for?
Rapid high intensity and requires ATP, Creatine and Creatine Kinase
ATP + Cr => ADP + PCr
9 mmol/L of ATP/sec
Small energy production - exhausts quickly
6 seconds max
Lactic Acid System
What is it?
ATP/sec?
Time period?
Glycolysis converts glucose to pyruvate - 2 ATP net yield
4.5 mmol/L
Can go for much longer - up to 3 mins
Is Lactate a friend/foe?
Friend of exercise - can be converted back to pyruvate
Engages H+ molecules to postpone fatigue
What is the function of pyruvate in the Krebs Cycle?
How many ADP molecules are produced by 3 H+ ions?
Pyruvate enters the Krebs Cycle as Acetyl CoA
Electrodes and H+ removed from the mitochondria membrane and the H+ gradient increases
3 H+ molecules = 1 ADP molecule
Fatty Acid Metabolism
What is the reaction that produces energy using FFA?
Why is there differences in the energy yield displayed in literature?
Beta-Oxidation
Differences due to miscalculations and different methodologies
Describe the Graph
Graph shows fat curve negative and CHO curve positive
Training arrow to right
SNS arrow to left
Association between the intensity and fuel use
Rest - Energy from fat mostly
Exercise - Energy from CHO increases and fat decreases
With training you have a slower decrease in fat and slower increase in CHO
Opposite with SNS simulation
Fuel Selection and fitness levels
What is the difference between athletes and non-athletes fuel utilisation?
Why is it important for glycogen reserves?
CHO utilisation similar in athletes and non-athletes
Athletes use more fat than non-athletes
Glycogen reserves allow for latter stages of races
How would VO2 differ over the course of 5x3 minute running intervals?
What two things can you manipulate to ensure players are at their best for the WHOLE game?
Begins at around 50% and rises to around 80-85% through the different stages.
Come up with an average VO2 to plan training and nutrition for the athlete.
