Lecture 1 Dental Anatomy Flashcards
what is the foundation of good dentistry?
dental anatomy and occlusion
primary (deciduous) dentition in utero
16 weeks
primary (deciduous) dentition first appearance
6 months
primary (deciduous) dentition last appearance
24 months
primary (deciduous) dentition complete
3 years
lower central incisor: what age erupt? shed?
6-10 mo<br></br>6-7 yrs
lower lateral incisor: what age erupt? shed?
10-16 mo<br></br>7-8 yrs
lower canine (cuspid): what age erupt? shed?
17-23 mo<br></br>9-12 yrs
lower first molar: what age erupt? shed?
14-18 mo<br></br>9-11 yrs
lower second molar: what age erupt? shed?
23-31 mo<br></br>10-12 yrs
upper central incisor: what age erupt? shed?
8-12 mo<br></br>6-7 yrs
upper lateral incisor: what age erupt? shed?
9-13 mo<br></br>7-8 yrs
upper canine (cuspid): what age erupt? shed?
16-22 mo<br></br>10-12 yrs
upper first molar: what age erupt? shed?
13-19 mo<br></br>9-11 yrs
upper second molar: what age erupt? shed?
25-33 mo<br></br>10-12 yrs
how long does mixed dentition last?
6 years (ages 6-12)
which teeth are normally the indicators of mixed dentition?
mandibular molars or centrals
what teeth replace exfoliated deciduous teeth?
succedaneous
what primary teeth are replaced by permanent molars?
none
are all permanent teeth succedaneous?
no, perm molars do not succeed any primary teeth
what is the formula for mammalian teeth?
primary: 2[I
2/2 C 1/1 M 2/2 ]=20<br></br>permanent: 2[I 2/2 C 1/1 P 2/2 M 3/3] = 32
what are the 4 types of tooth numbering systems?
palmer<br></br>viktor harderup<br></br>FDI (Federation Dentaire
Internationale)<br></br>universal system
palmer numbering
<img></img><br></br><img></img><br></br>
FDI numbering
<img></img><br></br><img></img><br></br>reads as 1 of 1; 2 of 1; etc.
universal notation (deciduous)
<img></img><br></br>A-J for maxillary<br></br>K-T for mandibular
universal notation (permanent)
<img></img><br></br><span>1-16</span> for
maxillary<br></br><span>17-32</span> for
Mandibular
crown and root anatomy
<img></img>
Anatomical crown
<div>CEJ to incisal edge</div>
Clinical crown
from the gum to incisal
what are the four tooth tissues? and type of tissue?
enamel- hard tissue<br></br>dentin- hard tissue<br></br>cementum- hard tissue<br></br>pulp- soft tissue
what is the top arch called?
maxillary
what is the bottom arch called?
mandibular
what are the surfaces of the teeth? (image)
<img></img>
cusp
elevation or mound on the crown
tubercle
small elevation on some portion of the crown (deviation from typical form)
cingulum
a lingual lobe of an anterior tooth
ridge
a linear elevation on the surface of the tooth
marginal ridge
rounded borders of the enamel that form the MD margins on the occlusal surfaces of the premolars and molars // MD margins of the lingual surfaces of the incisors and canines
triangular ridges
descend from the tips of the cusps of molars and premolars toward the central part of the occlusal surfaces
transverse ridge
when the buccal and lingual triangualr ridge join
oblique ridge
a ridge crossing obliquely the occlusal surface of max molars (union of DB cusp and ML cusp)
fossa
an irregualr depression or concavity
lingual fossa
on lingual surfaces of incisors
central fossa
on occlusal surfaces of molars
triangular fossa
found on premolars and molar surfaces mesial and distal to marginal ridges
sulcus
long depression or valley in surface of a tooth btw ridges and cusps (developmental groove at the junction of inclines)
developmental groove
shallow groove or line between the primary parts of the crown or root
supplemental groove
less distinct, shallow linear depression on the surface of a tooth and does not mark the junction of primary parts
buccal and lingual grooves
developmental grooves found on the buccal and lingual surfaces of posterior teeth
pits
small pinpoint depressions located at the junction of developmental grooves or at terminals of the grooves
lobe
one of the primary secrions of function in the development of the crown. cusps and mamelons are examples
mamelons
any one of the three rounded protuberances found on the incisal ridges of newly eruptes incisor teeth
identify ridges on the occlusal
<img></img>
what are cusps on canines, premolarsm and molars used for?
cutting and holding
what do incisors have to be able to cut?
ridge or edge
example of ridges on the occlusal
<img></img>
how many roots do incisors, canines, and some premolars have?
single
how many roots/type of root do premolars and molars have?
two roots with a bifurcation
how many roots do maxillary molars have?
three roots with trifurcation
how are roots held in the jaw?
alveolar process
what is the bone of the socket called?
alveolus
what are the thirds that the root is divided into? from top to bottom
apical, middle, cervical
what thirds are the crown (labial/lingual view) divided into? horizontally? vertically?
cervical, middle, incisal; distal, middle, mesial
what thirds are the crown (mesial/distal view) divided into? horizontally? vertically?
labial (buccal), middle, lingual
what are the 6 anterior line angels?
<div>1.Mesiolabial</div>
<div>2.Distolabial </div>
<div>3.Mesiolingual</div>
<div>4.Distolingual</div>
<div>5.Labioincisal</div>
<div>6.Linguoincisal</div>
what are the 8 posterior line angles?
<div>1.Mesiobuccal</div>
<div>2.Distobuccal</div>
<div>3.Mesiolingual</div>
<div>4.Distolingual</div>
<div>5.Mesio-occlusal</div>
<div>6.Disto-occlusal</div>
<div>7.Bucco-occlusal</div>
<div>8.Linguo-occlusal</div>
what are the 4 point junctions of the anterior teeth?
<div>1.Mesiolabioinscisal</div>
<div>2.Distolabioincisal</div>
<div>3.Mesiolinguoincisal</div>
<div>4.Distolinguoincisal</div>
what are the 4 point junctions of the posterior teeth?
<div>1.Mesiobucco-occlusal</div>
<div>2.Distobucco-occlusal</div>
<div>3.Mesiolinguo-occlusal</div>
<div>4.Distolinguo-occlusal</div>
what surfaces preceed all others when naming/labeling?
mesial/distal
what terms occur last in any combination of naming/labeling?
incisal/occlusal
alveolar bone
the bones of the max and mand that surrounds and supports teeth
alveolus
the bony lining of the socket that holds the roots of the tooth and a portion of the max and mand process
anterior
along or toward the front of the dental arch
apical foramen
the main opening at the apex of a root for entry and exit of pulp tissue
arch
arrangement of the teeth in the form of a curve
biological width
the area (2.04 mm) between the base and the gingival sulcul and alveolar crest
buccal
toward the cheek; surface of posterior teeth in contact with cheek
cementoenamel junction (CEJ)
the junction of the cementum and the enamel (cervical line running along cervix of tooth)
cementodentinal junction (CDJ)
the junction of the cementum and the dentin
cementum
hard tissue forming the outer covering of the root of a tooth and surrounding the dentin along the root portion of the tooth
crown
portion of the tooth from the CEJ<span>to the </span><span>incisal</span><span>/occlusal surface that is covered by enamel</span>
dentin
portion of the tooth underlying the enamel and cementum and surrounding the pulp cavity (bulk of tooth)
dentinoenamel juntion (DEJ)
the junction of the dentin and the enamel
distal
away from the midline of the arch
enamel
hard, mineralized tissue forming the outer covering of the anatomical crown of a tooth and surrounding the dentin in the crown portion of a tooth
facial
<div><span>´</span><span>relating to or
involving the face; an inclusive term for the labial and buccal surfaces, both
surfaces being in direct contact with areas of the face</span></div>
gingiva
part of the perio that consists of mucosal tissue and surrounds a tooth at the cervix and extends to cover the max and mand alveolar processes
incisal
pertaning to the cutting or tearing surface of anterior teeth
labial
toward lips
lingual
toward the tongue
mandibular
<span>relating to the mandible or lower jaw</span>
mesial
<div><span>to</span><span>ward the
midline of the arch. The surface of anterior and posterior teeth facing toward
the midline</span></div>
maxillary
<div><span>relating to
the maxilla or upper jaw</span></div>
midline
<span>imaginary line dividing a body into left and right; an
imaginary line dividing the maxillary and mandibular arches into maxillary and
mandibular left and right </span><span>quadrants</span>
occlusal
pertaining to the grinding, crushing, and chewing surface of posterior teeth,
perikymata
parallel ridges formed by cyclic deposition of enamel
periodontal membrane (ligament)
<span>complex of
collagenous fiber bundles that surrounds the root(s) of a tooth and connects
the cementum with the alveolar bone</span>
periodontium
<span>an inclusive term for the supporting and investing
structures of a tooth. The main structures are gingiva, alveolar bone,
cementum, and periodontal ligament</span>
posterior
along or toward the back or rear of dental arch
pulp
<span>innervated connective tissue possessing the formative,
nutritive, sensory, and defensive functions essential to the nourishment and
vitality of a tooth</span>
pulp cavity
space or void housing entire dental pulp
pulp chamber
portion of pulp cavity that is housed in coronal section of tooth
pulp canal
<div><span>portion
of the pulp cavity that extends from the pulp chamber to the apex of the root
of a tooth</span></div>
quadrant
<span>half of the maxillary or mandibular arch, when divided
by the midline</span>
root
<span>portion of a tooth covered by cementum and embedded in
a bony socket called alveolus</span>
root apex
<span>end or furthest point of the root of a tooth</span>
vestibule
<span>the portion of the oral cavity bounded on one side by
the teeth, gingiva, and alveolar ridge; and on the lateral side by the lips and
cheeks. Referred to as </span><span>buccal, labial</span><span>, and/or </span><span>facial vestibule</span>
which numbers belong to the maxillary incisors?
7,8,9,10
what are the maxillary incisors function?
cut or bite food
do max incisors have cusps?
no they have edges or ridges <br></br><b>ridges</b> makes up the enitre incisal part<br></br><b>edges</b> do not exist until wear has occured
maxillary central charactersitics
-widest of anterior teeth<br></br>-labial surface is less convex with rectangle/square appearance<br></br>-M angle sharper, D more rounded<br></br>-fairly flat in mid/incisal third<br></br>-may have mamelons
mamelon
one of three protuberances on the cutting edge of a recently erupted tooth<br></br>-thin enamel that normally chips, breaks, or wears overtime
what is the average length of the max central crown?
10-11mm from height of contour on cervix to incisal edge
how wide is max central from contact to contact?
8-9mm
which teeth are wider mesiodistally than labiolingually?
max centrals
the ____ linge angle of the max central is sharp
mesioincisal
the ____ line angle of the max central is more rounded and convex
distoincisal; crest of curvature toward cervical line
where are the M and D contacts for the max central?
m: incisal 1/3<br></br>d: junction of incisal and middle 1/3
the labial surface of the max central is relatively ___ with convexity near ____
flat; cervical 1/3
what is the total length of the max central
22-23mm
where is the cingulum located on the max central?
below the cervical line slightly distal
anatomy of the lingual portion of the max central
<img></img>
where are the crests of curvature in the mesial view of the max central?
just below the cervical line
which side is the curvature of the cervical line greater? M or D?
M
which tooth is the cervical line curvature most pronounced?
max central
which side M or D will you see more of the labial of the max central?
D because of slight curvature
what does curvature to the D side function for?
the formation of the dental arch
how is the cervical portion of the incisal view seen for the max central?
as a broad convexity<br></br><img></img>
max central root features
cone shaped, blunt apex, 2-3mm longer than crown
max central pulp anatomy
labiolingual: narrow incisal- wide cervical- taper to apex<br></br>mesiodistal: wide incisal & taper to apex<br></br>*depends on view
maxiallry lateral features
varies greatly<br></br>can be peg shaped or missing<br></br>can have palato-radicular groove (distolingual)<br></br>can have large pointed tubercle
max lateral has more ___ and a ___ incisal ridge
curvature, rounded
where is the mesial crest of contour in the max lateral
junction of middle and incisal thirds
is M or D more rounded on the max lateral?
D
where is the crest of contour on the dital for the max lateral?
center of the middle third
what is the width of the max lateral mesiodistally?
6-8mm
how long is the root of the max lateral and which way does it curve
1.5x the crown; distally
lingual features of the max lateral
MD ridges marked<br></br>cingulum prominent with developmental grooves<br></br>linguoincisal ridge well developed<br></br>lingual fossa more concave
where is the developmental groove of the max lateral
side of the cingulum mostly distal
mesial view features of max lateral
resembles small central
why does the max lateral seem thicker than the central?
heavy development of incisal ridge
which side does the max lateral seem thicker?
distal view
which side is the cervical line curve greater on the max lateral?
mesial
what is unique about the distal side of the max lateral?
may have developmental groove on crown going onto root
from the incisal view of the max lateral the labiolingual dimension may be ___ than the mesiodistal
greater
max lateral root feature
more slender than central<br></br>tapers to apex with distal bend in apical 1/3<br></br>cross section at cervical is ovoid
max lateral pulp anatomy
small diameter and ovoid
