lecture 1 - DAVID Flashcards
what was the main question that arose in 1945?
how can europe avoid another war
what were the 3 main beliefs about what caused the war?
1 - blame germany
2- blame capitalism
3- blame nationalism
what were the 3 very different solutions for europe to avoid another war
1- neuter germany (Morgenthau plan of 1944)
2- adopt communism
3- pursue european integration
what was the iron curtain?
the iron curtain was the political military and ideological barrier erected by the soviet union after WW” to seal off itself and its dependent eastern and central european allies from open contact with the west and other non communist areas
what was a defining precursor to european intergation in the cold war?
The soviet vision was strongly rejected by the US and the UK leading up to the cold war so a strong germany was needed as a cushion against the communists. this caused the french US and UK zones of germany to merge together and the federal rebublic of germany was established in 1949. this was a defining monment in europe
how was the merger of the french US and UK zones in germany beneficial to many countries?
it was beneficial to the french as the franco german economic intergration to avoid another war and counterbalance US-UK influence on the continent. it was beneficial to the british and americans as it countered the spread of communism. it was beneficial to the germans as it was the route to restablish germany as a normal nation. it was beneficial to italy as it counterbalanced communism and shut the door on fascism. it was beneficial to the benelux nations as it avoided another chance of a franco german war
what is intergovernmentalism?
nations retail all sovereignty
what is federalism?
supranational instititutions
what are examples of intergovernmentalism policys?
OEEC(1948), council of europe ( 1949), court of human rights ( 1950) and EFTA ( 1960)
what are examples of federalism policys?
the ECSC(1951) - belguim, France, Germany, Italy Netherlands and Luxembourg placed their coal and steel sectors under the control of a supranational authority.
EEC (1957) - after sucess of the ECSC, the six committed to form a customs union with the promise of free labour mobility, capital market intergation, free trade in services and a range of common policies
what were the main goals for the treaty of rome?
the elimination of customs duties and quantitative restictions on imports and exports of goods and services among members and a common customs tarigg and commercial policy towards non member states
the abolition of obstacles to the freedom of movement of labour capital and services
the adoption of common policies in the sphere of agriculture , transport etc
the establishment of supranational institutions such as the european commision, european parlimentary assembelly and european court of justice
what was the domino effect for the EEC countries?
the incomes of the EEC were growing twice as fast and also the aggregate GDP of the EEC was much larger then the EFTA( market size effect)
how was goods trade liberalisation implemented?
streaming or elimination of border formalities
harmonisation of VAT rates within wide bands
liberalisation of government procedures
harmonisation and mutual recognition of technical standards in production packaging and marketing
how was factor markets liberalization implemented?
removal of all capital controls
erasmus programme is launched in 1987
what happened after 1993?
there was the enlargment of the EU through:
deeper intergration in the EU12 inducing a new domino effect with new countries joining in 1995 ( finland, sweden and austria)
the EU sets the copenhagen criteria for the accession of central and eastern european countries
there was also the deepening of the EU with the Maastrict treaty commiting EU countries to achieve monetary union by 1999 and a single currency by 2002 and the schenegen agreement aboloshing checks at borders
