lecture 1 contd

Question 1

which ball and socket joint is more mobile in the body?

Answer 1

the shoulder

the hips ahve stronger and bigger ligaments but the shoulders are easily dislocated

Question 2

yoga achieves ______

Answer 2

optimum flexibility

Question 3

too little range of motion can cause which problems (3)

Answer 3

restricted movement
poor posture
stiffness and pain
muscle injury

Question 4

too much range of movement causes which problems? (4)

Answer 4

osteoarthritis
alignment problems
muscles must work harder
risk dislocation

Question 5

what is osteoarthritis?

Answer 5

wear and tear in a joint

yoga prevents and can treat when done properly

Question 6

what is rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 6

auto immune disease of the synovial membrane

ligaments become loose and the joints are pulled out of shape

Question 7

for rheumatoid arthritis can yoga help?

Answer 7

gentle yoga when disease is not in acute phase

deep stretches are inappropriate

Question 8

what is spondylosis?

Answer 8

spinal osteo - arthritis
space between vertebrae narrows
neck pain or low back pain

Question 9

does yoga help spondylosis?

Answer 9

gentle yoga helps
avoid hyperextending neck
avoid strong back bends

Question 10

what are the 2 types of muscle tissue?

Answer 10

voluntary and involuntary

Question 11

voluntary muscle is?

Answer 11

skeletal - striated - muscle

Question 12

involuntary muscle is?

Answer 12

cardiac and smooth

Question 13

directional terms:
• Medial – 
• Lateral – 
• Distal – 
• Proximal – 
• Anterior – 
• Posterior – 
• Superior – 
• Inferior –

Answer 13

close to midline
away from midline
furthest
closest
front
back
above 
below

Question 14

what is isometric?

Answer 14

no movement

Question 15

what is isotonic?

Answer 15

muscle changes length

Question 16

isometric example?

Answer 16

held yoga poses

Question 17

isotonic example?

Answer 17

vinyasa movement

Question 18

isotonic contraction can be of two types?

Answer 18

concentric and eccentric

Question 19

what is concentric and examples?

Answer 19

muscle fibers shorten usually against gravity

chaturanga to plank

Question 20

what is eccenric and examples

Answer 20

muscle fibres lengthen wisially with gravuty

plank to chaturanga

Question 21

which type of muscle movement is yoga?

Answer 21

usually eccentric contraction

muscle lengthening and strengthening = same time

Question 22

which internal factors can affect flexibility? (10)

Answer 22

• The type of joint (some joints simply aren’t meant to be flexible)
• The internal resistance within a joint
• Bony structures which limit movement
• The elasticity of muscle tissue (muscle tissue that is scarred due to a previous injury is not very elastic)
• The elasticity of tendons and ligaments and all connective tissue (ligaments do not stretch much and tendons should not stretch at all)
• The elasticity of skin (skin actually has some degree of elasticity, but not much)
• The ability of a muscle to relax and contract to achieve the greatest range of movement
• The temperature of the joint and associated tissues (joints and muscles offer better flexibility at body temperatures that are 1 to 2 degrees higher than normal)
• Neural tissue?
• Pain/injury will limit the ability to perform postures and limit the range of movement.

Question 23

which external factors can influence flexibility? (7)

Answer 23

• The temperature of the place where one is training (a warmer temperature is more conducive to increased flexibility)
• The time of day (most people are more flexible in the afternoon than in the morning, peaking from about 2:30pm-4pm)
• The stage in the recovery process of a joint (or muscle) after injury (injured joints and muscles will usually offer a lesser degree of flexibility than healthy ones)
• Age (pre-adolescents are generally more flexible than adults)
• One’s ability to perform a particular exercise (practice makes perfect)
• One’s commitment to achieving flexibility
• The restrictions of any clothing or equipment

Question 24

what is supination?

Answer 24

rolling onto the outside

how i use to walk with crutches

Question 25

what is pronation?

Answer 25

rolling onto the inside