Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology > Lecture 1 Connective Tissues > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Connective Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of connective tissues

A
  • Structural support
  • protection/padding of internal organs (smooth surface to glide)
  • defense against infection or disease
  • diffusion of nutrients and wastes
  • storage of energy and nutrients
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Connective tissue vs epithelial tissue

A

Connective tissue

  • cells lack basement membrane
  • extracellular material
  • highly vascular
  • completely surrounded by other tissues

epithelial Tissue

  • Cells have basement membrane
  • little or no extracellular material
  • avascular
  • free surface
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

2 connective tissue subtypes

A

Connective tissue proper, specialized connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Types of connective tissue proper

A

Loose connective tissue, Dense connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Specialized connective tissue

A

Adipose tissue, cartilage, bone, blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Components of connective tissue

A

Cells: derivatives of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, derivatives of hematopoietic cells

Extracellular matrix: Fibers, ground substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are progenitor cells

A

Descendants of stem cells that then further differentiate to create specialized cell types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the origin of connective tissue cells

A

Progenitor cells in the embryonic mesoderm (mesenchyme)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Properties of progenitor cells

A
  • cell division (proliferation)

- differentiation into many cell types (pluripotent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Types of progenitor cells

A
  • hematopoietic stem cells: form blood cells

- undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells: form other cell types in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Types of stem cell division

A
  • symmetric stem cell renewal: creates 2 stem cells, or creates two differentiated cells
  • asymmetric stem cell renewal: creates on stem cell and one differentiated cell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why are stem cells important?

A

Necessary for normal tissue development and for repair of damaged tissue

-New technologies: experimentally reprogram differentiated somatic cells into inducible pluripotent stem cells, and then use these stem cells to build new organs with the assistance of 3D printers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hematopoietic stem cells can differentiate into which kinds of cells found in connective tissue

A

-plasma cell, B lymphocyte, Free macrophage, mast cell, neutrophil, eosinophil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells can differentiate into which cell found in connective tissue

A

Fibroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Fixed or resident cells

A

Originate and remain in the CT for a long time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Transient or wandering cells

A

Originate in the bone marrow or lymph glands, enter CT for a short time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

General function of Fixed/resident CT cells

A

Structural support

18
Q

Types of resident CT cells

A
  • Fibroblasts (active)

- fibrocytes (inactive)

19
Q

Fibroblast cells function and features

A

FXN: synthesize and secrete components of the extracellular matrix

Features: oval or spindle shaped, many long cellular processes (less processes as they mature)

20
Q

Transient CT cells origin and function

A

-differentiate from hematopoietic stem cells, migrate into CT from blood or lymph

FXN:

  • migrate into CT from blood or lymph
  • fight infection and disease
  • assist tissue remodeling and repair
21
Q

Types of transient CT cells

A

Macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, leukocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, mast cells

22
Q

Macrophage origin

A

Monocytes in the circulating blood

23
Q

Macrophages function and features

A

FXN: phagocytosis of foreign substances and dead or damaged cells/debris, secretion of factors (cytokines and chemokines), that stimulate inflammation, cell migration, blood vessel development, antigen recognition, lymphocyte differentiation

Features: Pseudopodia, lysosomes, phagosomes

24
Q

Phagocytosis by macrophages (steps)

A
  1. Detection of and movement toward foreign material
  2. Engulfment of material into a phagosome
  3. Fusion of phagosome with a digestive vacuole
  4. Breakdown of material
  5. Exocytosis of residual debris
25
Q

Lymphocyte origin

A

Hematopoietic stem cells

26
Q

Lymphocytes function and features

A

FXN: recognize antigens by producing antibodies that act as surface receptors to recognize antigens

Features: large dense nucleus, relatively small amount of cytoplasm

27
Q

Plasma cells Origin

A

B lymphocytes that have undergone proliferentiation and differentiation

28
Q

Plasma cells function and features

A

FXN: synthesize and secrete antibodies (immunoglobulins) into the circulation

Features: rough endoplasmic reticulum (lots) for protein synthesis, Golgi apparatus for large modification of proteins, nucleus (eccentric, and cartwheel pattern of heterochromatin)

29
Q

Two types of leukocytes in connective tissue

A

Eosinophils and neutrophils

30
Q

Eosinophils origin

A

Hematopoietic stem cells

31
Q

Eosinophils function and features

A

FXN: Kill parasitic worms
Features: bi-lobed nucleus, cytoplasm contains large eosinophilic granules

32
Q

Neutrophils origin

A

Hematopoietic stem cells

33
Q

Neutrophils function and features

A

FXN: kill bacteria
Features: multi-lobed nucleus, cytoplasm contains very small neutral stained granules

34
Q

Mast cells origin

A

Precursors in the bone marrow

35
Q

mast cells function and features

A 
FXN: initiate local inflammatory response, participate in development of allergies 
Features: large oval shape, plasma membrane contains receptors for the immunoglobulin E (IgE) class of antibodies , basophil is granules (heparin, histamine)
36
Q

Inflammation definition

A

Calor: Heat
Dolor: Pain
Rumor:Redness
Tumor: Swelling

37
Q

Inflammation cause

A

Cytokines, chemokines and other inflammatory mediators induce changes in local blood vessels, cells, and tissue fluid

38
Q

Cytokines

A

Secreted proteins that influence the behavior of other cells that have receptors for these cytokines

*mediators of host response to infection, trauma, and immune response

39
Q

Chemokines

A

Secreted proteins that attract other cells, which exhibit specific receptors, from the bloodstream

40
Q

Inflammation, role of transient CT cells

A
  1. Bacteria (or other pathogens) stimulate macrophages to release cytokines and chemokines
  2. Mast cells release histamine, which increases vascular diameter and permeability, causing increased local blood flow and leakage of fluid into the tissue
  3. Neutrophils, lymphocytes and other immune cells migrate into the tissue releasing inflammatory mediators that cause pain

Histology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions