Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CDM 3 Exam 1 > Lecture 1 - Clinical application of Abx and AST > Flashcards

Lecture 1 - Clinical application of Abx and AST Flashcards

1
Q

If Maculopapular rash then…

A
  1. avoid original drug
  2. Ok to use from different class of Beta-lactam

Ex. Rash with penicillin, avoid penicillin but OK to use cephalosporin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

If get hives then….

A

Avoid all beta-lactams except aztreonam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

If get anaphylaxis then…

A

avoid all beta lactase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

If unspecified rash then….

A

assume the worst (ie hives) so avoid all except aztreonam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Maculopapular rash info

A
  1. Generally less severe, often not true drug allergy
  2. Symmetrical ruby red rash
  3. typically can use beta lactams not of the class associated with the rash
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Uricarial Rash & Hives info

A

1.Generally more severe, associated w/ true allergy
2. Asymmetrical w/ darker borders + lighter centers
3. Cross reactivity rates can vary
4. Avoid other beta lactams except Aztreonam**

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Anaphylaxis info

A
  1. severe/life threatening
  2. avoid all betalactams
  3. For true allergy, if pt needs, can be desensitized using graded dosing under close supervision**
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Antibiotic Stewardship benefits

A
  1. can increase infection cure rates, while reducing….

Txm failure, Cdif infection, ADE, Abx resistance, Hospital costs + length of stay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Core elements of Hospital Abx Stewardship programs

A
  1. hospital leadership commitment
  2. accountability
  3. Pharmacy expertise
  4. action
  5. Tracking
  6. Reporting
  7. Education
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Gram + Penicillin coverage

A

E.faecalis
Strep (Group A/B, Pneumoniae)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Gram - Penicillin coverage

A

Neisseria meningitidis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Anaerobes Penicillin coverage

A

Actinomyces
Clostridium spp
Peptostreptococci
Propionibacterium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Other Penicillin coverage

A

Treponema pallidum (Spirochete)
Leptospira spp (Spirochete)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Penicillin Clinical uses

A

Neurospychillis (T. pallidum)
Pharyngitis (Grp A Strep)
Pneumonia (PCN-S, S.pneumoniae)
Endocarditis (PCN-S strep)
Cellulitis (Grp A/B)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Aminopenicllin drugs

A

Ampicillin and Amoxicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Gram + Ampi/Amox coverage

A

E. Faecalis
Strep (Grp A/B, Pneumoniae)
Listeria monocytogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Gram - Ampi/Amox coverage

A

N. Meningitidis
H. Influenzae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Anaerobes Ampi/Amox coverage

A

Actinomyces
Clostridium spp
Peptostreptococci
Propionibacterium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Other Ampi/Amox coverage

A

Leptospirra spp (Spirochete)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ampi/Amox Clinical uses

A

Meningitis (Amp; Listeria)

Endocarditis (Amp: E.faecalis)

Pneumonia, Sinusitis, Oropharyngeal infection, Otitis media (B-lactamase negative H.influ)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Penicillinase-Resistant Penicillins

A

Nafcillin + Oxacillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Nafcillin & Oxacillin Gram + coverage

A

Strep spp. (Grp A/B, Pneumoniae)

** S. Aureus (MSSA)*

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Nafcillin & Oxacillin Clinical uses

A

Meningitis (MSSA)
Endocarditis (MSSA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Vancomycin Gram + Coverage

A

Strep spp (Grp A/B, Pneumoniae)
S. aureus (MSSA + MRSA)
E. Faecalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Daptomycin/Linezolid Gram + coverage

A

Strep spp (Grp A/B, Pneumoniae)
S. aureus (MSSA + MRSA)
E. Faecalis
VRE ***

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Anaerobes coverage Vancomycin/ Daptomycin

A

P.acnes
Peptostreptococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Anaerobes coverage Linezolid

A

Clostridium Bacteroides**
P.acnes
Peptostreptococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Clinical uses Vancomycin

A

Meningitis ( S.pneumoniae, MRSA)
HAP/VAP (MRSA)
Bacteremia (MRSA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Clinical uses Daptomycin

A

Bacteremia (VRE)
UTI (VRE)
Intra-abdominal infection (VRE)
Bacteremia (MRSA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Clinical uses Linezolid

A

HAP/VAP (MRSA)
UTI (VRE)
Intrabdominal infections (VRE)
Bacteremia (MRSA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

B-lactam/B-lactam inhib combos

A

Ampicillin/Sulbactam
Amoxicillin/Clav

Piperacillin/Tazobactam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Ampicillin/Sulbactam & Amoxicillin/Clav Clinical uses

A

UTI (E.coli susceptible)
HAP/VAP (Acinetobacter; Amp/Sulb only**)
SSTI (Mixed Gram +/- susceptible, anaerobes)
Pneumonia/Sinusitis/Otitis media (B-lact + H.influ)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Ampicillin/Sulbactam & Amoxicillin/Clav Gram + coverage

A

E.Faecalis
Strep spp. (Grp A/B, pneumoniae)
S. aureus (MSSA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Ampicillin/Sulbactam & Amoxicillin/Clav Gram - coverage

A

E.coli; Proteus mirabilis
H.Influ; M.catarrhalis
Acinetobacter (Amp/sulb)***

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Ampicillin/Sulbactam & Amoxicillin/Clav Anaerobes coverage

A

Actinomcyes
Clostridium
Peptostreptococci
Propionibacterium
B.fragilis
F.necrophorum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Piperacillin/Tazobactam has added coverage for what gram -

A

Pseudomonas

37
Q

Piperacillin/Tazobactam Clinical uses

A

HAP/VAP (P.aeruginosa)
UTI (E.coli, Proteus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas)
SSTI (mix gram - / gram +, pseudomonas, anaerobes)
Intra-abd infection ( Enterobacter, Pseudomonas)

38
Q

1st gen Cephalosporins

A

Cefazolin**
Cefadroxil
Cephalexin

39
Q

Cefazolin Clinical uses

A

Endocarditis (MSSA)
UTI (MSSA, E.Coli, Proteus)
Cellulitis (Grp A/B, MSSA)

40
Q

1st gen Cephalosporins Gram + coverage

A

Strep spp. (Grp A/B, pneumoniae)
S. aureus (MSSA)

41
Q

1st gen Cephalosporins Gram - coverage

A

E. coli
Proteus mirabilis
K.pneumoniae

42
Q

1st gen Cephalosporins Anaerobe coverage

A

P.acnes
Peptostreptococci

43
Q

2nd Gen Cephalosporins

A

Cefuroxime
Cefprozil
Cefaclor

44
Q

2nd Gen Cephalosporins Gram + coverage

A

Strep spp. (Grp A/B, pneumoniae)
S. aureus (MSSA)

45
Q

2nd Gen Cephalosporins Gram - coverage

A

E.coli
P.mirabilis
K.pneumoniae
H.infl
M.catarrhalis

46
Q

2nd Gen Cephalosporins Anaerobes

A

P. acnes
Peptostreptococci

47
Q

Cefuroxime Clinical uses

A

Pneumonia/Sinusitis/Otitis media (MSSA, S.pneumoniae, H.influ)

UTI (E.coli, Proteus)

48
Q

3rd gen Cephalosporins

A

Ceftriaxone + Cefotaxime

Ceftazidime

49
Q

3rd gen Cephalosporins Gram + coverage

A

Strep. spp (Grp A/B, Pneumoniae)
S.aureus (MSSA)** but not Ceftazidime

50
Q

3rd gen Cephalosporins Gram - coverage

A

E.coli
P. mirabilis
K.pneumoniae
H.influ
M.catarrhalis
Pseudomonas
Serratia
Enterobacter
Stenotrophomonas = ceftazidime only***

51
Q

3rd gen Cephalosporins Anaerobes coverage

A

P.acnes
Peptostreptococci

52
Q

How does Ceftazidime differ from other 3rd gen?

A

Covers Stenotrophomonas but doesn’t cover MSSA

53
Q

Ceftriaxone Clinical uses

A

Meningitis (S.pneuomoniae)
HAP/VAP ( S.pneuomoniae, Enterobacteriaceae)
UTI ( E.coli, Proteus, Klebsiella)
Intra-abd infection (Enterobacteriaeae, Pseudomonas)
Bacteremia (Enterobacteriaceae)

54
Q

Ceftazidime Clinical uses

A

HAP/VAP (Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas)
UTI ( E.coli, Proteus, Klebsiella)
Intra-abd infection (Enterobacteriaeae, Pseudomonas)

55
Q

Cefotaxime uses

A

Bacteremia (Enterobacteriaceae)
UTI ( E.coli, Proteus, Klebsiella)
Intra-abd infection (Enterobacteriaeae, Pseudomonas)

56
Q

4th Gen cephalosporin

A

Cefepime

57
Q

Cefepime Gram + coverage

A

Strep. spp (Grp A/B, pneumoniae)
S. aureus (MSSA)

58
Q

Cefepime Gram - coverage

A

E. coli
P.mirabilis
K. pneumoniae
H.influ
M.catarrhalis
Pseudomonas
Serratia
Enterobacter
Citrobacter

59
Q

Cefepime Anaerobic coverage

A

P.acnes
Peptostreptococci

60
Q

Clinical uses Cefepime

A

Meningitis (P.aeruginosa)
Bacteremia (MSPACE, Pseudomonas)
HAP/VAP (MSPACE, Pseudomonas)
UTI (MSPACE, Pseudomonas)
Intra-abd infections (MSPACE, Pseudomonas)

61
Q

5th gen Cephalosporin

A

Ceftaroline

62
Q

Ceftaroline Gram + coverage

A

Strep spp. (All species)
S. aureus (MSSA + MRSA)***

63
Q

Ceftaroline Gram - coverage

A

E.coli
P.mirabilis
K.pneumoniae
H.influ
M.catarrhalis

64
Q

Ceftaroline Anaerobes coverage

A

P.acnes
Peptostreptococci

65
Q

Clinical uses Ceftaroline

A

Bacteremia (MRSA, combo therapy)
Pneumonia (MRSA)
SSTI (Mixed MRSA + enterobacteriaceae)

66
Q

New Cephalosporins

A

Ceftazidime/Avibactam
Ceftolozane/Tazobactam
Cefiderocol

67
Q

New Cephalosporins Gram + coverage

A

Strep spp

68
Q

New Cephalosporins Gram - coverage

A

E.coli
P.mirabilis
K.pneumoniae - inc MDRO
H.influ
M.catarrhalis
Pseudomonas
Acinetobacter
Stenotrophomonas (Cefiderocol)** - inc MDRO

69
Q

New Cephalosporin Anaerobe coverage

A

P.acnes
Peptostreptococci (Except Cefiderocol*)
B.Frag (Ceftolozaone/tazo only)

70
Q

New Cephalosporin Clinical uses

A

HAP/VAP (MDR Gram -)
UTI (MDR Gram -)
Intra-adb infection (MDR Gram -)
Bacteremia ( MDR Gram -)

71
Q

Aztreonam Gram - coverage

A

E.coli
P.Mirabilis
K.Pneumoniae
H. influ
M.catarrhalis
Pseudomonas
Serratia
Enterobacter
Citrobacter

72
Q

Aztreonam Clinical uses

A

Penicillin Allergy

Ventriculitis or Meningitis ( Enterobacteriaceae or P.aerug)
HAP/VAP (MDR or P.aeruginosa)
UTI (MDR or Pseudomonas)
Intra-abd infect (MDR or Pseudomonas) + metronidazole +/- vanco

73
Q

Carbapenems Gram + coverage

A

Streptococcus spp. (Grp A/B, pneumoniae)
Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA)
Enterococcus faecalis (except ertapenem*)

74
Q

Carbapenem Gram - coverage

A

E. coli; Proteus mirabilis; K. pneumoniae – including ESBL*
H. influenzae; M. catarrhalis
Serratia; Enterobacter; Citrobacter
Pseudomonas (except ertapenem*)

75
Q

Carbapenem Anaerobe coverage

A

P.acnes
Peptostreptococci

76
Q

Carbapenem Clinical uses

A

Meningitis (ESBL, MSPACE, P.aeruginosa)** except -ertapenem

HAP/VAP (ESBL, MSPACE,P. aeruginosa)
UTI (ESBL, MSPACE, P.aeruginosa) Kidney only***
Intra-abd infection (ESBL, MSPACE, Pseudomonas
Bacteremia (ESBL, MSPACE, Pseudomonas)

77
Q

Fluoroquinolones

A

Cipro
Levo
Moxi
Dela

78
Q

Delafloxacin Gram + coverage

A

Strep spp (Grp A/B, pneumoniae)
S.aureus MSSA/MRSA
E.faecalis

79
Q

Delafloxacin/Levo/Cipro Gram - coverage

A

E. coli; Proteus mirabilis; K. pneumoniae
H. influenzae; M. catarrhalis
Serratia; Enterobacter; Citrobacter
Pseudomonas

80
Q

Which Gram - does Moxifloxacin not cover?

A

Pseudomonas

81
Q

Anaerobes coverage Delafloxacin

A

B.frag
P.acnes
Peptrostreptococci

82
Q

Fluoroquinolone w/ best Anaerobe coverage

A

Moxifloxacin

83
Q

Fluoroquinolone coverage for “other” bugs?

A

Mycobacteria = TB
Atypical

84
Q

Clinical uses Fluoroquinolones

A

Oropharyngeal (Moxi)

CAP (s.pneu + H.influ) all except cipro

UTI (enterobacteriaceae) all except moxi

Intra-ab infection (Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas) all except moxi

Osteomyelitis

85
Q

Clinical uses Tetracyclines

A

HAP/VAP (MDr Acinetobacter) all except doxy
SSTI (MRSA) - doxy
Intra-ab infection (mixed Gram +/-)

86
Q

Azithromycin Gram + coverage

A

Strep spp. (Grp A/B, strep pneumoniae)

87
Q

Azithromycin Gram - coverage

A

H. influenzae

88
Q

“Other” coverage w/ Azithromycin

A

Atypical

89
Q

Azithromycin Clinical uses

A

STDs (Chlamydia)
CAP (Atypical, combo w/ B-lactam)
Sinusitis, Bronchitis (susceptible S.pneu/H.influ)

CDM 3 Exam 1 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions