Lecture 1: Classification of Organisms Flashcards
1
Q
List the 5 characteristics of living organisms
A
- organized in that they consist of cells (entropy of a system decreases)
- metabolism: acquire and transform energy internally
- respond to stimuli: can interact with enviro
- reproduce for growth (cell replication) and/ or reproduction
- evolve: adapt to local enviro over time (requires an informational molecule and change)
2
Q
Archaea are more closely related to ___ because they share genetic similarities, but they look more like ____
A
eukaryotes
bacteria
3
Q
List the classifications in order
A
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Did Katy Perry Come Over For Grape Soda?
4
Q
List 3 characteristics of Archaea
A
- prokaryotic
- DNA based genome
- often extremophiles (live in high salt/ acidity/ temp)
5
Q
How do bacteria and archaea differ?
A
- different membrane phospholipids
- different cell walls
- covalently bound phospholipid tails in thermophiles (adaptation)
6
Q
List 5 characteristics of bacteria
A
- prokaryotic
- DNA based genome- usually a single, circular molecule of DNA (chromosome)
- small: 1-10micrometers
- very diverse metabolically (but not morphologically)
- limited structural diversity (boring to look at)
7
Q
what’s an example of a bacteria?
A
e. coli
- human symbiont in gut
produces all of our vitamin K!
8
Q
list 3 characteristics of eukaryotes
A
- contain membrane-bound organelles
- can be unicellular or multicellular
- lots of structural diversity, little metabolic diversity
9
Q
what’s an example of a eukaryote?
A
yeast
- unicellular
- ferments sugar into alcohol
10
Q
which of the 3 domains has/ have peptidoglycan in their cell walls?
A
bacteria only (typically)
11
Q
which of the 3 domains has/ have circular chromosomes?
A
Bacteria and archaea
- eukaryotes have multiple linear chromosomes
