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Medical Microbiology > Lecture 1: Characteristics of Bacteria > Flashcards

Lecture 1: Characteristics of Bacteria Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What are the smallest infectious agents/particles?

A

Viruses

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2
Q

What are viruses considered?

A

True parasites

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3
Q

What is required for viruses to replicate?

A

Host cells

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4
Q

What does the genome of viruses consist of?

A

Either DNA or RNA encapsulated in a protein shell with or without a lipid membrane envelope

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5
Q

Describe bacteria

A

prokaryotic unicellular organisms

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6
Q

What do bacteria NOT have

A

they don’t have nuclear membranes, mitochondria, Golgi bodies, or ERs.

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7
Q

how do bacteria reproduce

A

by asexual division

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8
Q

describe fungi

A

eukaryotic organisms

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9
Q

what is present in fungi cells

A

they have well-defined nuclei, mitochondria, Golgi bodies, and ERs

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10
Q

In what two ways can fungi exist

A

either in a unicellular form or a filamentous form

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11
Q

what is the unicellular form of fungi

A

yeast

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12
Q

what is the filamentous form of fungi

A

mold

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13
Q

describe parasites

A

complex microorganisms

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14
Q

what are parasites classified as

A

eukaryotic

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15
Q

are parasites uni or multicellular

A

some are unicellular, some are multicellular

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16
Q

what are the three domains of life

A

bacteria, archaea, and eukarya

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17
Q

what are prokaryotic organisms

A

bacteria and archaea

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18
Q

what is the main difference regarding nuclei between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

A

eukaryotes have a classic membrane surrounding the nucleus, prokaryotes have no nuclear membrane

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19
Q

what is the main difference regarding chromosomes between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

A

eukaryotes have strands of DNA and a diploid genome, prokaryotes have singular, circular DNA haploid genome

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20
Q

what is the main difference regarding cell walls between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

A

fungi (a eukaryote) has a cell wall, but for other eukaryotes, there is no cell wall, prokaryotes have a complex structure containing protein and peptidoglycan
The cell wall for many prokaryotes contain polysaccharides, teichoic acid, and lipopolysaccharide

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21
Q

what is the main difference regarding reproduction between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

A

eukaryotes have sexual and asexual reproduction, prokaryotes have asexual reproduction (binary fission)

22
Q

what are the major groups in eukaryotes

A

algae, fungi, protozoa, plants, animals

23
Q

what are the major groups in prokaryotes

A

bacteria

24
Q

are prokaryotes or eukaryotes usually larger

A

eukaryotes are larger than prokaryotes

25
Q

what is the hierarchy of classification for organisms

A

Don’t People Crunch On Free Gummy Snacks?

Domain
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

26
Q

what is a Domain

A

the highest level of classification, distinguished by molecule analysis

27
Q

what is a Phylum

A

a group of similar classes

28
Q

what is a class

A

a group of similar orders

29
Q

what is an order

A

a group of similar families

30
Q

what is a family

A

a group made up of related genera

31
Q

what is a genus

A

a genus consists of species that differ from each other in certain ways but are related

32
Q

what is a species

A

a population of cells with similar characteristics (biochemically the same, shape, gram stain, oxygen requirements, etc.)

33
Q

How are organisms named

A

each organism has two names

34
Q

what is the first name in an organism name and how is it written

A

the genus is the first name and is always capitalized

35
Q

what is the second name in an organism name and how is it written

A

the species is the second name and is never capitalized

36
Q

how is the font written for organism names

A

the genus and species must both be italicized or both be underlined, NOT a mix of the two

37
Q

what is a strain

A

a genetic variant or subtype of a microorganism

38
Q

how can a particular strain of bacteria be distinguished

A

using antibodies to detect characteristic antigens on the bacteria

39
Q

what is serotyping

A

using antibodies to detect characteristic antigens on the bacteria to distinguish the bacteria

40
Q

what is an isolate

A

a pure culture of bacteria, usually obtained by sub-culturing a single colony grown from a specimen.

41
Q

what is the macroscopic appearance of bacteria and its distinctions

A

the color, size, shape, and smell of a bacterial colony

its ability to resist certain antibiotics

its ability to ferment specific sugars

lyse erythrocytes

42
Q

what is an erythrocyte

A

a red blood cell

43
Q

what does it mean to lyse erythrocytes

A

to cause them to burst

44
Q

what is the microscopic appearance that can be used to distinguish bacteria

A

the shape (cocci, rods, curved, spiral)

45
Q

what is the cocci shape of bacteria

A

bacteria that are in clusters, chains, pairs, or tetrads

46
Q

what is a diplococci

A

a pair of bacteria

47
Q

what is a streptococci

A

a chain of bacteria

48
Q

what is a staphylococci

A

a group of bacteria

49
Q

what is a regular bacilli

A

a rod shaped bacteria

50
Q

what is a palisading bacilli

A

a group of rod-shaped bacteria

51
Q

what are spirochetes bacteria

A

helical bacteria

Medical Microbiology (1 decks)

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