Lecture 1 Cancer Overview Flashcards
Who began the classification of tumors?
Hippocrates
Tumors are a result of?
Abnormal cell proliferation
Define Proliferation
Rapid reproduction of a cell
Tumors that resemble their cell orgin are called?
Well-differentiated tumors
Tumors that do not resemble their cell orgin are called?
Undifferentiated cells
List 4 characteristics of benign tumors
- Slow growing
- Well- differentiated
- Encapsulated
- Dont metastasize
List 4 characteristics of malignant tumors
- Well-differentiated or not
- Invades and destroys surrounding tissue
- Can metastasize
- Uncontrolled growth
Where do sarcoma cancer orginate from?
Epithelial glandualar cells
Where do carcinoma cancer orginate from?
Epithelium
Where do adenocarcinoma cancer orginate from?
Connective tissue
What are the most common types of cancer in women?
- Breast
- Lung
- Colorectal
What are the most common types of cancer in men?
- Prostate
- Lung
- Colorectal
What is the study of disease?
Etiology
What is the study of incidence rate of a disease?
Epidemiology
What are the 2 things that keys to sucessful cancer treatment?
- early detection
- diagnosis
In order for a screening to be effective it should be (4)
- Senstitive
- Cost effective
- Specific
- Accurate
The _____ of a tumor provides information about its aggressiveness and is based on the degree of differentiation
Grade
What are the 3 modalities for treating cancer?
- Surgery
- Medical oncology
- Radiation oncology
Unlike surgery and radiation therapy, chemotherapy is a
Systemic treatment (entire body)
Why would you want to use a radioprotectant drug when treating patients with radiation?
To decrease the radiation on normal cells and decrease side effects
____ is an estimation of the life expectancy of a cancer patient based on all the information obtained about the tumor.
Prognosis
In TNM staging T stands for?
Size of primary tumor
(1=small, 4=big)
In TNM staging N stands for?
Lymph node invlovement
(1= close to tumor, 4= far from tumor)
In TNM staging M stands for?
Extent of metastasis
(0=none, 4=multiple)
What are proto-oncogenes
Normal genes that control normal growth
What are oncogenes
Cancer genes, implicated in abnormal cell proliferation
What are anti oncogenes
Tumor supressor genes
Staging, Figo=
GYN
Staging, Dukes=
Colon
Staging, Ann Arbor=
Hodgkins disease
What is therapuetic ratio def?
The biological basis for using rad treatment
Required doses are achieved by
Fractionizations
What is the entire scope of care?
- Currative
- Pallative
- Pain management
- Hospice
What is a cooperative model?
Patient is involved in treatment plan
Who discovered radiation and when?
Henri Becquerel
1896
