Lecture 1 Cancer Overview

Question 1

Who began the classification of tumors?

Answer 1

Hippocrates

Question 2

Tumors are a result of?

Answer 2

Abnormal cell proliferation

Question 3

Define Proliferation

Answer 3

Rapid reproduction of a cell

Question 4

Tumors that resemble their cell orgin are called?

Answer 4

Well-differentiated tumors

Question 5

Tumors that do not resemble their cell orgin are called?

Answer 5

Undifferentiated cells

Question 6

List 4 characteristics of benign tumors

Answer 6

1. Slow growing
2. Well- differentiated
3. Encapsulated
4. Dont metastasize

Question 7

List 4 characteristics of malignant tumors

Answer 7

1. Well-differentiated or not
2. Invades and destroys surrounding tissue
3. Can metastasize
4. Uncontrolled growth

Question 8

Where do sarcoma cancer orginate from?

Answer 8

Epithelial glandualar cells

Question 9

Where do carcinoma cancer orginate from?

Answer 9

Epithelium

Question 10

Where do adenocarcinoma cancer orginate from?

Answer 10

Connective tissue

Question 11

What are the most common types of cancer in women?

Answer 11

1. Breast
2. Lung
3. Colorectal

Question 12

What are the most common types of cancer in men?

Answer 12

1. Prostate
2. Lung
3. Colorectal

Question 13

What is the study of disease?

Answer 13

Etiology

Question 14

What is the study of incidence rate of a disease?

Answer 14

Epidemiology

Question 15

What are the 2 things that keys to sucessful cancer treatment?

Answer 15

1. early detection
2. diagnosis

Question 16

In order for a screening to be effective it should be (4)

Answer 16

1. Senstitive
2. Cost effective
3. Specific
4. Accurate

Question 17

The _____ of a tumor provides information about its aggressiveness and is based on the degree of differentiation

Answer 17

Grade

Question 18

What are the 3 modalities for treating cancer?

Answer 18

1. Surgery
2. Medical oncology
3. Radiation oncology

Question 19

Unlike surgery and radiation therapy, chemotherapy is a

Answer 19

Systemic treatment (entire body)

Question 20

Why would you want to use a radioprotectant drug when treating patients with radiation?

Answer 20

To decrease the radiation on normal cells and decrease side effects

Question 21

____ is an estimation of the life expectancy of a cancer patient based on all the information obtained about the tumor.

Answer 21

Prognosis

Question 22

In TNM staging T stands for?

Answer 22

Size of primary tumor
(1=small, 4=big)

Question 23

In TNM staging N stands for?

Answer 23

Lymph node invlovement
(1= close to tumor, 4= far from tumor)

Question 24

In TNM staging M stands for?

Answer 24

Extent of metastasis
(0=none, 4=multiple)

Question 25

What are proto-oncogenes

Answer 25

Normal genes that control normal growth

Question 26

What are oncogenes

Answer 26

Cancer genes, implicated in abnormal cell proliferation

Question 27

What are anti oncogenes

Answer 27

Tumor supressor genes

Question 28

Staging, Figo=

Answer 28

GYN

Question 29

Staging, Dukes=

Answer 29

Colon

Question 30

Staging, Ann Arbor=

Answer 30

Hodgkins disease

Question 31

What is therapuetic ratio def?

Answer 31

The biological basis for using rad treatment

Question 32

Required doses are achieved by

Answer 32

Fractionizations

Question 33

What is the entire scope of care?

Answer 33

1. Currative
2. Pallative
3. Pain management
4. Hospice

Question 34

What is a cooperative model?

Answer 34

Patient is involved in treatment plan

Question 35

Who discovered radiation and when?

Answer 35

Henri Becquerel
1896