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Block 4 > Lecture 1- Brainstem I > Flashcards

Lecture 1- Brainstem I Flashcards

1
Q

Basic internal components of brainstem

A 
Ascending/descending pathways
Cranial nerve nuclei
Neuromodulatory nuclei
Intrinsic nuclei
Reticular nuclei
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2
Q

Cranial nerve nuclei and functions

A 
GSE= Motor (gen somatic efferent)
GVE= Parasympathetic (gen visceral eff)
GSA= General sensory
SVA= Special sensory
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3
Q

Neuromodulatory nuclei

A 
Raphe nuclei (serotinergic)
Substantia nigra (dopaminergic)
Locus coeruleus (noradrenergic)
Area postrema (adrenergic), lateral dorsal tegmental and pedunculopontine (cholinergic)
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4
Q

Function of neuromodulatory nuclei

A

Modulate neuronal activity over larger parts of the entire brain

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5
Q

Intrinsic nuclei

A

Form connections and undertake functions within regions of brainstem

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6
Q

Inferior olive

A

Region where impulses from cerebellum, SC, cerebral cortex and channels into the cerebellum are correlated for coordination of learned movement patterns

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7
Q

Reticular formation

A

Continuous core, traverses entire brainstem

Continuous below with reticular intermediate spinal grey laminae

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8
Q

Reticular formation divisions

A

3 longitudinal columns

  • median
  • paramedian (mostly large reticular neurons)
  • lateral (small to intermediate neurons)
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9
Q

Characteristics of reticular formation

A

Ill-defined collections of neurons and fibres with diffuse connections
Conduction pathways are difficult to define, complex and polysynaptic
Have ascending and descending components, partly crossed and uncrossed
Components are associated with somatic and visceral function

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10
Q

Functions of reticular formation

A 
Coordination of muscle movement
modulate pain sensation
eye movements
conscious state
speed of reflexes
Regulation of feeding, respiration and circulation
Drug induced vomiting
Habituation
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11
Q

Midbrain external features

A

Swellings
Peduncles
Cranial nerve
Nuclei

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12
Q

Midbrain components

A

Tectum/colliculi
Tegmentum
Substantia nigra
Basis pedunculi

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13
Q

Midbrain fibre pathways

A

Corticobulbar and corticospinal tracts

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14
Q

Midbrain cranial nerve nuclei

A

Oculomotor (III) and trochlear (IV)

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15
Q

Midbrain neuromodulatory nuclei

A 
Dorsal raphe (serotonergic)
Substantia nigra (dopaminergic)
Ventral tegmental area (dopaminergic)
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16
Q

Midbrain intrinsic nuclei

A

Superior and inferior colliculi
Red nucleus
Per-aqueductal grey matter

17
Q

Midbrain reticular nuclei

A

Parabrachium
Cuneiform
Subcuneiform

Block 4 (2 decks)

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