Lecture 1- Bonds

Question 1

What is the bonding process?

Answer 1

electrons bond to nucleus to form an atom, atom bond together to form a molecule, molecules bond together to form a solid.

Question 2

Orbital are known as

Answer 2

electron shells, they have fixed energy levels

Question 3

Bond energy is also known as

Answer 3

bonding energy or ionization potential

Question 4

What causes strong bonds

Answer 4

more negative energy and therefore more stability

Question 5

What does an incomplete orbital imply

Answer 5

more possible bonds given by the electronegativity values

Question 6

What is electronegativity

Answer 6

is the power of an atom in a molecule that will hold or attract electrons to itself

Question 7

Tendency of electronegativity

Answer 7

decreases as it goes down the periodic table and increases as it goes to the right

Question 8

Factors of Bonding

Answer 8

seek for octet completion and occurs due to electrostatic attraction (positive and negative)

Question 9

Types of Bonding

Answer 9

ionic, metallic, covalent

Question 10

Ionic bonding tendency

Answer 10

electrons will transfer from the almost empty valence bond to the almost full valence band/ minimizes potential energy

Question 11

Covalent bonding tendency

Answer 11

electrons are shared in a common valence shell, potential energy is minimized, visualized as electrostatic potential surface

Question 12

Metallic bonding tendency

Answer 12

electrons are shared in a delocalized manner, for good conductors of electricity , good ductility, properties can be tailored to application

Question 13

Weakest type of bond and why

Answer 13

metallic because of possible chemical reactions like corrosion

Question 14

What is ductility

Answer 14

ability to be stretched or bent without breaking

Question 15

What is delocalized manner

Answer 15

can move through solids and away from original atom

Question 16

How is the bond type triangle set up

Answer 16

it is between two different binary compounds. x values: compares electronegativity of compounds & y values: difference in electronegativity

Question 17

What does the bond type triangle do

Answer 17

separates compounds into MIC regions (METALLIC, IONIC AND COVALENT) & if they are metals and covalent (METALLOIDS)

Question 18

Nonbonding interactions

Answer 18

electrons are not shared and are usually polar molecules (permanent dipole) or induced dipoles (temporary dipoles)

Question 19

How do you calculate dipole moments

Answer 19

mu= charge * distance

Question 20

Hydrogen bonding is also called

Answer 20

H-bond or hydrogen bridge

Question 21

How does the hydrogen bond occur

Answer 21

hydrogen bonds to 2 elements through electrostatic attraction

Question 22

Between which elements does hydrogen bonding occur

Answer 22

oxygen, nitrogen and fluorine

Question 23

Permanent dipoles are also called

Answer 23

dipole-dipole interaction

Question 24

Permanent dipole tendency

Answer 24

molecules line up, weaker than hydrogen bonding

Question 25

Induced dipoles are also called

Answer 25

van de Walls bonds

Question 26

How can induced dipoles occur

Answer 26

by permanent dipoles and fluctuating dipoles

Question 27

Process of induced dipoles

Answer 27

when an atom has a fluctuating electron distribution, it forms a fluctuating dipole and later forms an induced dipole when another molecule interacts with it

Question 28

What is the tetrahedron of material used for

Answer 28

categorize/identify the ideal performance of a material

Question 29

What does tetrahedron of material include

Answer 29

structure, properties, processing and performance

Question 30

What effect does the atomic arrangement of solids cause

Answer 30

influences materials properties

Question 31

Crystal structure

Answer 31

is crystalline, ordered and arranged

Question 32

Glass structure

Answer 32

is amorphous

Question 33

Amorphous is

Answer 33

a solid that behaves like a liquid