Lecture 1 - Body Fluid Compartments Flashcards
T/F: Extracellular, intracellular, and trans-cellular fluid percentages change are dependent on age, sex, and obesity.
TRUE
Intracellular fluids are separated by cell _________ and are ___________ to water and not __________.
membrane
Permeable
electrolytes
What is the extracellular major cation?
Sodium (Na+)
What are the intracellular cations and which is the most?
- POTASSIUM (K+) MOST
- magnesium (Mg+)
What are the extracellular anions and which is the most?
- CLORIDE (Cl -) MOST
- sodium bicarbonate (hco3-)
What are the intracellular anions and which is the major one?
- PHOSPHATE (PO4 -) MOST
- protein
What is the equation of compartment volume measurement?
Volume B = (Volume A x Concentration A) /
Concentration B
Distribution of fluid between intracellular and extracellular compartments determine by ________ effect of _______ solute.
osmotic
small
T/F: Osmotic factors cause fluids to shift between compartments.
TRUE
Mole is the term defining a specific quantity of:
molecules
Osmole refers to number of:
particles in a solution
T/F: A milliosmole (mOsm) is equal to 1/1000 osmoles.
TRUE
What does osmolality refer to?
osmoles / kg of water
What does osmolarity refer to?
osmoles / liter of solution
Osmosis refers to the movement of water from a ______ concentration of water to a ________ concentration of water.
higher
lower
Osmotic pressure refers to the amount of _________ required to ________ osmosis.
pressure
prevent
T/F: Molecules which disassociate when dissolved into solution have less osmotic effect.
FALSE
1 mOsm gradient change is equal to how much osmotic pressure?
19.3 mmHg
Eighty percent of interstitial fluid and plasma is due to:
sodium
chloride
T/F: Plasma is 1 mOsm/L < interstitial fluid.
FALSE
Plasma proteins maintain ___ mmHg ______ in capillaries than surrounding tissue.
20
greater
Fifty percent of intracellular fluid is due to ______ ions.
Potassium
What is the total osmolarity of each compartment of interstitial and intracellular?
300 mOsm/L
T/F: Large osmotic pressures can develop across cell membranes with relatively small changes in solute concentration.
TRUE
Small changes in concentration of __________ solutes cause ________ changes in cell volume.
impermeable
tremendous
What are the condition for hyponatremia?
- diarrhea and vomiting
- diuretic abuse
- Addison’s disease
- excess water retention (ADH)
List the condition of hypernatremia?
- Lack of ADH
- Diabetes insipidus
- Dehydration
- Aldosterone secretion
Intracellular edema can occur in what conditions?
- Inflammation-
- Depression of cellular metabolic function
- Lack of nutrition
- Decrease in blood flow, oxygen, and nutrients
- No ATP to move sodium out of intracellula space
T/F: Ionic pumps of cell membrane require oxidative metabolism to remove intracellullar sodium.
TRUE
What are the causes of extracellular edema?
- Abnormal leakage from plasma
- Lymphatic failure to return fluids to blood
What are three major factors to prevent edema?
- Low interstitial compliance
- Ablity to increase lymphatic drainage
- Wash down of interstitial fluid proteins
T/F: Capillary pressure can triple before significant edema occurs.
FALSE (can double before)
The kidneys receive ___% of cardiac output.
22 % (1100 mL/min)
List is order the blood flow through the kidney startin what renal arteries.
Renal artery > segmental arteries > interlobular > arteries > arcuate arteries > interlobular arteries (radial artery) afferent arteries > glomerular capillaries
T/F: Oxygen consumption in the kidney varies directly with active transport of Na+.
TRUE
Where would the highest metabolism be in the kidney?
Renal Cortex
On a per gram basis renal blood flow is the _______ of any organ.
highest
A - V O2 difference gives info on oxygen uptake.of ______.
Organs
What is the oxygen uptake of the kidneys?
14 mL/L
What is the oxygen uptake of the heart?
140 mL/L
What is the oxygen uptake of skeletal muscle?
60 mL/L
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
nephron
What are the two types of nephrons?
- Cortical
- Jusxtamedullary
How many nephrons are in each kidney?
1.25 million
What are two important aspects about the cortical nephron?
- Short loops of Henle, extend to outer medulla
- Outnumber juxtamedullary nephrons 7:1
What are two important aspects about the juxtamedullary?
- Extend into medulla with loops of Henle
- Play a big part of concentrating urine
