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Renal > Lecture 1 - Body Fluid Compartments > Flashcards

Lecture 1 - Body Fluid Compartments Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: Extracellular, intracellular, and trans-cellular fluid percentages change are dependent on age, sex, and obesity.

A

TRUE

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2
Q

Intracellular fluids are separated by cell _________ and are ___________ to water and not __________.

A

membrane
Permeable
electrolytes

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3
Q

What is the extracellular major cation?

A

Sodium (Na+)

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4
Q

What are the intracellular cations and which is the most?

A
  • POTASSIUM (K+) MOST

- magnesium (Mg+)

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5
Q

What are the extracellular anions and which is the most?

A
  • CLORIDE (Cl -) MOST

- sodium bicarbonate (hco3-)

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6
Q

What are the intracellular anions and which is the major one?

A
  • PHOSPHATE (PO4 -) MOST

- protein

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7
Q

What is the equation of compartment volume measurement?

A

Volume B = (Volume A x Concentration A) /

Concentration B

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8
Q

Distribution of fluid between intracellular and extracellular compartments determine by ________ effect of _______ solute.

A

osmotic

small

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9
Q

T/F: Osmotic factors cause fluids to shift between compartments.

A

TRUE

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10
Q

Mole is the term defining a specific quantity of:

A

molecules

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11
Q

Osmole refers to number of:

A

particles in a solution

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12
Q

T/F: A milliosmole (mOsm) is equal to 1/1000 osmoles.

A

TRUE

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13
Q

What does osmolality refer to?

A

osmoles / kg of water

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14
Q

What does osmolarity refer to?

A

osmoles / liter of solution

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15
Q

Osmosis refers to the movement of water from a ______ concentration of water to a ________ concentration of water.

A

higher

lower

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16
Q

Osmotic pressure refers to the amount of _________ required to ________ osmosis.

A

pressure

prevent

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17
Q

T/F: Molecules which disassociate when dissolved into solution have less osmotic effect.

A

FALSE

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18
Q

1 mOsm gradient change is equal to how much osmotic pressure?

A

19.3 mmHg

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19
Q

Eighty percent of interstitial fluid and plasma is due to:

A

sodium

chloride

20
Q

T/F: Plasma is 1 mOsm/L < interstitial fluid.

A

FALSE

21
Q

Plasma proteins maintain ___ mmHg ______ in capillaries than surrounding tissue.

A

20

greater

22
Q

Fifty percent of intracellular fluid is due to ______ ions.

A

Potassium

23
Q

What is the total osmolarity of each compartment of interstitial and intracellular?

A

300 mOsm/L

24
Q

T/F: Large osmotic pressures can develop across cell membranes with relatively small changes in solute concentration.

A

TRUE

25
Q

Small changes in concentration of __________ solutes cause ________ changes in cell volume.

A

impermeable

tremendous

26
Q

What are the condition for hyponatremia?

A
  • diarrhea and vomiting
  • diuretic abuse
  • Addison’s disease
  • excess water retention (ADH)
27
Q

List the condition of hypernatremia?

A
  • Lack of ADH
  • Diabetes insipidus
  • Dehydration
  • Aldosterone secretion
28
Q

Intracellular edema can occur in what conditions?

A
  • Inflammation-
  • Depression of cellular metabolic function
  • Lack of nutrition
  • Decrease in blood flow, oxygen, and nutrients
  • No ATP to move sodium out of intracellula space
29
Q

T/F: Ionic pumps of cell membrane require oxidative metabolism to remove intracellullar sodium.

A

TRUE

30
Q

What are the causes of extracellular edema?

A
  • Abnormal leakage from plasma

- Lymphatic failure to return fluids to blood

31
Q

What are three major factors to prevent edema?

A
  • Low interstitial compliance
  • Ablity to increase lymphatic drainage
  • Wash down of interstitial fluid proteins
32
Q

T/F: Capillary pressure can triple before significant edema occurs.

A

FALSE (can double before)

33
Q

The kidneys receive ___% of cardiac output.

A

22 % (1100 mL/min)

34
Q

List is order the blood flow through the kidney startin what renal arteries.

A

Renal artery > segmental arteries > interlobular > arteries > arcuate arteries > interlobular arteries (radial artery) afferent arteries > glomerular capillaries

35
Q

T/F: Oxygen consumption in the kidney varies directly with active transport of Na+.

A

TRUE

36
Q

Where would the highest metabolism be in the kidney?

A

Renal Cortex

37
Q

On a per gram basis renal blood flow is the _______ of any organ.

A

highest

38
Q

A - V O2 difference gives info on oxygen uptake.of ______.

A

Organs

39
Q

What is the oxygen uptake of the kidneys?

A

14 mL/L

40
Q

What is the oxygen uptake of the heart?

A

140 mL/L

41
Q

What is the oxygen uptake of skeletal muscle?

A

60 mL/L

42
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

A

nephron

43
Q

What are the two types of nephrons?

A
  • Cortical

- Jusxtamedullary

44
Q

How many nephrons are in each kidney?

A

1.25 million

45
Q

What are two important aspects about the cortical nephron?

A
  • Short loops of Henle, extend to outer medulla

- Outnumber juxtamedullary nephrons 7:1

46
Q

What are two important aspects about the juxtamedullary?

A
  • Extend into medulla with loops of Henle

- Play a big part of concentrating urine

Renal (5 decks)

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