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forensic chemistry > lecture 1 - basic forensic analysis > Flashcards

lecture 1 - basic forensic analysis Flashcards

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1
Q

what should you do before colour/spot tests?

A

analyse the physical characteristics of the drug

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2
Q

What is the purpose of presumptive/spot tests in drug analysis?

A

To provide tentative identification of unknown drugs by observing colour changes when reagents are added, indicating the presence of specific functional groups or compounds.

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3
Q

what piece of equipment is used to confirm the drugs identity

A

GC-MS

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4
Q

how do you conduct a colour test?

A

Add unknown drug to spot plate/test tube, add reagent, and observe immediate colour change

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5
Q

what is a negative control

A

when the reagent is in a well on its own and does not change colour

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6
Q

what is a positive control

A

standard reference material + reagent = unknown drugs colour test

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7
Q

what does Marquis test for?

A

Opioids, Amphetamines, alkaloids, and magic mushrooms

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8
Q

what does Ehrlichs test for?

A

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)

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9
Q

What does Duquenois Levine test for?

A

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) - main psychoactive ingredient in cannabis

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10
Q

what does Cobalt thiocyanate test for?

A

Cocaine

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11
Q

what does Dille-Koppanyi test for?

A

Barbiturates (downers)

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12
Q

what does Simons’ test for?

A

Distinguish between amphetamine and Methamphetamine

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13
Q

what does Libermann’s test for?

A

Target phenol and amine functional group found in drugs – amphetamine or paracetamol

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14
Q

What is the role of chromophores in colour tests?

A

Chromophores absorb and emit light in the visible spectrum, causing colour changes in the presence of specific molecules.

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15
Q

What kind of molecule produces the colour changes in colour tests?

A

Molecules with conjugated systems, transition metals, or carbocations are involved in producing visible colour changes in response to reagents.

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16
Q

what type of bond is a sigma bond?

A

single

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17
Q

what kind of bond is a pie bond?

A

double or triple

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18
Q

what does the Marquis reagent cause in relation to molecular structure?

A

causes a change in the structure and the binding of the molecule

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19
Q

what colour is produced by Marquis + Morphine/Heroin

A

Purple

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20
Q

what colour is produced between Marquis + Magic mushrooms

A

Yellow

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21
Q

what colour is produced between Marquis + Ecstasy

A

Orange to black

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22
Q

what colour is produced between Marquis + Methamphetamine

A

Orange

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23
Q

what colour is produced between Marquis + amphetamine

A

Orange to red to brown

24
Q

What is the Ehrlichs regent composed of?

A

1% p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde dissolved in conc HCL in ethylacetate

25
Q

what does a positive Ehrlichs produce

A

a blue/purple carbocation

26
Q

what is the libermann’s reagent made up of?

A

a solution of potassium or sodium nitrate dissolved in sulphuric acid

27
Q

what does a positive Libermanns test produce in acidic conditions

A

a red colour quinone imine

28
Q

what does a positive Libermanns test produce in basic conditions?

A

a blue colour quinone imine

29
Q

what is Duquenois-Levine reagent made up of?

A

sequential addition of three solutions:
a. 2% vanillin and 1% acetaldehyde in ethanol
b. concentrated HCL
c. Chloroform

30
Q

what does a positive Duquenois-Levine test produce?

A

a purple coloured chromaphore

31
Q

what colour is produced when Fast Blue BB Salts react with THC?

A

red azo dye

32
Q

what colour is produced when Fast Blue BB Salts react with Cannabinol?

A

purple azo dye

33
Q

what colour is produced when Fast Blue BB Salts react with Cannabidol?

A

Orange azo dye

34
Q

what does the Fast Blue BB Salt produce in general?

A

an azo dye

35
Q

what is the Cobalt thiocyanate reagent made up of?

A

thiocyanate (2%) in concentrated HCL

36
Q

what does the Cobalt Thiocyanate reagent produce is a positive test?

A

a blue ion pair

37
Q

what is the Dille-Koppanyi reagent made up of?

A

1% cobalt acetate in methanol
followed by
5% isopropylamine in methanol

38
Q

what colour is a positive Dille Koppanyi test?

A

a violet blue transition metal complex

39
Q

what is Simons reagent made up of for methamphetamine?

A

2% nitroprusside solution containing acetaldehyde

40
Q

What is the significance of microcrystalline tests in drug analysis?

A

They help determine the crystalline structure of drugs, which can assist in identifying specific isomers of substances.

41
Q

How do you undergo a microcrystalline test?

A

Add unknown drug to a microscope slide

Reagents - Gold chloride, gold bromide, platinum chloride, platinum bromide

Add a cover slip

View under a transmitted light microscope

42
Q

what drug has a plant matter appearance

A

Cannabis

43
Q

what drug has a resin appearance

A

Cannabis or Heroin

44
Q

what drug comes as Microdots, gelatine squares, and blotter papers

A

LSD

45
Q

what drugs come in white powders

A

Heroine or Cocaine

46
Q

what drugs come as tan powders

A

Heroin and Amphetamine

47
Q

What are the 5 P’s?

A

Powders

Plant matter

Pills

Precursors – compounds used in the clandestine synthesis of drugs such as methamphetamines.

Paraphernalia – the implements and equipment used in the preparation and ingestion of drugs; e.g. a syringe

48
Q

what does cocaine look like in a microcrystalline test?

A

sword-like

49
Q

what does amphetamine look like in a microcrystalline test?

A

plant-like

50
Q

what does methadrone look like in a microcrystalline test?

A

little bundles - like roses

51
Q

what does GHB look like in a microcrystalline test?

A

rectangular crystals

52
Q

what kind of microscope is used in microcrystalline tests?

A

transmitted light microscopes

53
Q

what is the science behind colour tests?

A

the reagent will cause a change in the structure of the drug, allowing ground state electrons to absorb a large amount of light and become excited, and move to the excited state for a short period of time. The light they absorb will be photons of a coloured light opposite to the colour on the colour wheel that the chromophore will emit when the electrons return to ground state. For example; Marquis + Methamphetamine = the chromophore will absorb blue light and emit orange light.

54
Q

what does Simons test + Methamphetamine produce

A

a blue coloured Simon-Awe complex

55
Q

what does Simons test + Amphetamine produce

A

a purple complex (NOT SIMON-AWE)

56
Q

what is the Simons reagent made up of for Amphetamine?

A

2% Nitroprusside solution in acetone

forensic chemistry (7 decks)

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