Lecture 1 - Basic chemistry & biochemistry Flashcards
Which of the following best describes matter?
A) It has mass but does not take up space.
B) It takes up space and has mass.
C) It does not have mass but takes up space.
D) It neither takes up space nor has mass.
Answer: B) It takes up space and has mass.
Which form of matter has a definite shape and volume?
A) Solid
B) Liquid
C) Gas
D) Plasma
Answer: A) Solid
What is the energy of motion called?
A) Potential energy
B) Kinetic energy
C) Chemical energy
D) Radiant energy
Answer: B) Kinetic energy
When energy changes form, what is always true?
A) It becomes more efficient.
B) It is created during the process.
C) Some energy is lost as heat.
D) It cannot change back.
Answer: C) Some energy is lost as heat.
Which of the following is NOT a major element in the body?
A) Carbon
B) Oxygen
C) Hydrogen
D) Sodium
Answer: D) Sodium
Which subatomic particle weighs 1 amu?
A) Proton
B) Neutron
C) Electron
D) Both A and B
Answer: A) Proton
The element that is part of the trace elements in the body is:
A) Oxygen
B) Hydrogen
C) Iron
D) Nitrogen
Answer: C) Iron
What defines a compound?
A) Two or more atoms chemically bonded.
B) Two or more different atoms chemically bonded.
C) Two or more atoms physically mixed.
D) Atoms in the same element bonded together.
Answer: B) Two or more different atoms chemically bonded.
Which of the following is NOT a basic type of mixture?
A) Solution
B) Colloid
C) Suspension
D) Compound
Answer: D) Compound
In a solution, the substance present in the larger amount is called the:
A) Solute
B) Solvent
C) Colloid
D) Suspension
Answer: B) Solvent
What happens to particles in a suspension?
A) They do not scatter light.
B) They settle out.
C) They are dissolved.
D) They remain evenly distributed.
Answer: B) They settle out and may scatter light
Which of the following is the strongest type of chemical bond?
A) Ionic
B) Hydrogen
C) Covalent
D) Electrostatic
Answer: C) Covalent
What is an ionic bond?
A) Sharing of electrons.
B) Loss or gain of electrons, creating charged atoms.
C) Weak bonds between molecules.
D) Attraction between opposite dipoles.
Answer: B) Loss or gain of electrons, creating charged atoms.
Which of the following is true about a hydrogen bond?
A) It is the strongest type of bond.
B) It involves sharing electrons equally.
C) It occurs between polar molecules.
D) It forms between ions.
Answer: C) It occurs between polar molecules.
Which rule explains the tendency of atoms to want eight electrons in their valence shell?
A) Quantum rule
B) Octet rule
C) Electron affinity rule
D) Pauli exclusion principle
Answer: B) Octet rule
What type of reaction involves combining smaller molecules to form a larger one?
A) Synthesis
B) Decomposition
C) Displacement
D) Redox
Answer: A) Synthesis
A reaction where a compound is broken down into smaller components is known as:
A) Synthesis
B) Decomposition
C) Displacement
D) Oxidation
Answer: B) Decomposition
In a redox reaction, what happens?
A) Energy is released.
B) Electrons are exchanged.
C) Protons are gained or lost.
D) Molecules combine without exchanging electrons.
Answer: B) Electrons are exchanged.
Which factor does NOT increase the rate of chemical reactions?
A) Increased temperature
B) Increased particle size
C) Higher concentration of reactants
D) Presence of a catalyst
Answer: B) Increased particle size.
Exergonic reactions are characterized by:
A) Releasing energy
B) Absorbing energy
C) No energy change
D) Releasing potential energy
Answer: A) Releasing energy.
Endergonic reactions result in:
A) Products having more potential energy than reactants.
B) Products having less potential energy than reactants.
C) Products and reactants having the same energy.
D) Releasing kinetic energy.
Answer: A) Products having more potential energy than reactants.
Which of the following is NOT an inorganic compound?
A) Water
B) Salts
C) Proteins
D) Acids
Answer: C) Proteins
Organic compounds must contain:
A) Carbon
B) Oxygen
C) Nitrogen
D) Sulfur
Answer: A) Carbon
Which of the following is the most abundant inorganic compound in living cells?
A) Salt
B) Water
C) Phospholipids
D) Glucose
Answer: B) Water
Water’s ability to absorb and release large amounts of heat before changing temperature is called:
A) High heat capacity
B) High heat of vaporization
C) Cohesion
D) Polarity
Answer: A) High heat capacity
The property of water that allows it to dissolve ionic and polar substances is called:
A) Heat capacity
B) Solubility
C) Polar solvent properties
D) Adhesion
Answer: C) Polar solvent properties
Which of the following compounds dissociates into cations and anions when dissolved in water?
A) Proteins
B) Lipids
C) Salts
D) Carbohydrates
Answer: C) Salts
Acids are considered proton:
A) Donors
B) Acceptors
C) Neutrals
D) Buffers
Answer: A) Donors
Which of the following pH values represents an acidic solution?
A) 8.0
B) 7.0
C) 6.0
D) 14.0
Answer: C) 6.0
Buffers function to:
A) Speed up chemical reactions
B) Resist changes in pH
C) Lower pH
D) Increase temperature
Answer: B) Resist changes in pH
Which of the following is a monosaccharide?
A) Sucrose
B) Lactose
C) Glycogen
D) Glucose
Answer: D) Glucose
Polysaccharides are polymers made of:
A) Fatty acids
B) Amino acids
C) Nucleotides
D) Simple sugars
Answer: D) Simple sugars
Which type of lipid is a major component of cell membranes?
A) Triglycerides
B) Phospholipids
C) Steroids
D) Eicosanoids
Answer: B) Phospholipids
The most common type of neutral fat in the body is:
A) Cholesterol
B) Phospholipid
C) Steroid
D) Triglyceride
Answer: D) Triglyceride
Which of the following is a steroid?
A) Cholesterol
B) Glycogen
C) Glucose
D) Phospholipid
Answer: A) Cholesterol
Proteins are polymers composed of:
A) Monosaccharides
B) Fatty acids
C) Amino acids
D) Nucleotides
Answer: C) Amino acids
The quaternary structure of a protein is formed by:
A) Folding of the secondary structure
B) Two or more polypeptide chains linked together
C) A single polypeptide chain
D) Hydrogen bonds between amino acids
Answer: B) Two or more polypeptide chains linked together
What type of bond connects amino acids to form a protein?
A) Ionic bond
B) Peptide bond
C) Hydrogen bond
D) Disulfide bond
Answer: B) Peptide bond
Enzymes act as:
A) Structural components of cells
B) Chemical messengers
C) Biological catalysts
D) Energy sources
Answer: C) Biological catalysts
Enzymes work by:
A) Increasing activation energy
B) Lowering activation energy
C) Adding energy to the reaction
D) Consuming substrates
Answer: B) Lowering activation energy
Enzyme names often end with the suffix:
A) -ose
B) -ine
C) -ase
D) -one
Answer: C) -ase
The building blocks of nucleic acids are:
A) Monosaccharides
B) Fatty acids
C) Nucleotides
D) Amino acids
Answer: C) Nucleotides
Which of the following nitrogenous bases is only found in RNA?
A) Adenine
B) Thymine
C) Guanine
D) Uracil
Answer: D) Uracil
The primary function of DNA is to:
A) Synthesize proteins directly
B) Store and transfer genetic information
C) Catalyze chemical reactions
D) Regulate pH balance
Answer: B) Store and transfer genetic information
Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA?
A) mRNA
B) tRNA
C) rRNA
D) dRNA
Answer: D) dRNA
Which molecule provides an immediate source of energy for cellular processes?
A) Glucose
B) DNA
C) ATP
D) NADH
Answer: C) ATP
Energy is released from ATP when:
A) A phosphate group is added
B) ATP is converted to ADP and a phosphate group
C) ATP is synthesized from ADP
D) Two phosphate groups are removed
Answer: B) ATP is converted to ADP and a phosphate group
