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BLG101 > Lecture 1 - Basic chemistry & biochemistry > Flashcards

Lecture 1 - Basic chemistry & biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following best describes matter?

A) It has mass but does not take up space.
B) It takes up space and has mass.
C) It does not have mass but takes up space.
D) It neither takes up space nor has mass.

A

Answer: B) It takes up space and has mass.

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2
Q

Which form of matter has a definite shape and volume?

A) Solid
B) Liquid
C) Gas
D) Plasma

A

Answer: A) Solid

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3
Q

What is the energy of motion called?

A) Potential energy
B) Kinetic energy
C) Chemical energy
D) Radiant energy

A

Answer: B) Kinetic energy

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4
Q

When energy changes form, what is always true?

A) It becomes more efficient.
B) It is created during the process.
C) Some energy is lost as heat.
D) It cannot change back.

A

Answer: C) Some energy is lost as heat.

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5
Q

Which of the following is NOT a major element in the body?

A) Carbon
B) Oxygen
C) Hydrogen
D) Sodium

A

Answer: D) Sodium

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6
Q

Which subatomic particle weighs 1 amu?

A) Proton
B) Neutron
C) Electron
D) Both A and B

A

Answer: A) Proton

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7
Q

The element that is part of the trace elements in the body is:

A) Oxygen
B) Hydrogen
C) Iron
D) Nitrogen

A

Answer: C) Iron

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8
Q

What defines a compound?

A) Two or more atoms chemically bonded.
B) Two or more different atoms chemically bonded.
C) Two or more atoms physically mixed.
D) Atoms in the same element bonded together.

A

Answer: B) Two or more different atoms chemically bonded.

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9
Q

Which of the following is NOT a basic type of mixture?

A) Solution
B) Colloid
C) Suspension
D) Compound

A

Answer: D) Compound

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10
Q

In a solution, the substance present in the larger amount is called the:

A) Solute
B) Solvent
C) Colloid
D) Suspension

A

Answer: B) Solvent

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11
Q

What happens to particles in a suspension?

A) They do not scatter light.
B) They settle out.
C) They are dissolved.
D) They remain evenly distributed.

A

Answer: B) They settle out and may scatter light

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12
Q

Which of the following is the strongest type of chemical bond?

A) Ionic
B) Hydrogen
C) Covalent
D) Electrostatic

A

Answer: C) Covalent

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13
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A) Sharing of electrons.
B) Loss or gain of electrons, creating charged atoms.
C) Weak bonds between molecules.
D) Attraction between opposite dipoles.

A

Answer: B) Loss or gain of electrons, creating charged atoms.

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14
Q

Which of the following is true about a hydrogen bond?

A) It is the strongest type of bond.
B) It involves sharing electrons equally.
C) It occurs between polar molecules.
D) It forms between ions.

A

Answer: C) It occurs between polar molecules.

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15
Q

Which rule explains the tendency of atoms to want eight electrons in their valence shell?

A) Quantum rule
B) Octet rule
C) Electron affinity rule
D) Pauli exclusion principle

A

Answer: B) Octet rule

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16
Q

What type of reaction involves combining smaller molecules to form a larger one?

A) Synthesis
B) Decomposition
C) Displacement
D) Redox

A

Answer: A) Synthesis

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17
Q

A reaction where a compound is broken down into smaller components is known as:

A) Synthesis
B) Decomposition
C) Displacement
D) Oxidation

A

Answer: B) Decomposition

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18
Q

In a redox reaction, what happens?

A) Energy is released.
B) Electrons are exchanged.
C) Protons are gained or lost.
D) Molecules combine without exchanging electrons.

A

Answer: B) Electrons are exchanged.

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19
Q

Which factor does NOT increase the rate of chemical reactions?

A) Increased temperature
B) Increased particle size
C) Higher concentration of reactants
D) Presence of a catalyst

A

Answer: B) Increased particle size.

20
Q

Exergonic reactions are characterized by:

A) Releasing energy
B) Absorbing energy
C) No energy change
D) Releasing potential energy

A

Answer: A) Releasing energy.

21
Q

Endergonic reactions result in:
A) Products having more potential energy than reactants.
B) Products having less potential energy than reactants.
C) Products and reactants having the same energy.
D) Releasing kinetic energy.

A

Answer: A) Products having more potential energy than reactants.

22
Q

Which of the following is NOT an inorganic compound?

A) Water
B) Salts
C) Proteins
D) Acids

A

Answer: C) Proteins

23
Q

Organic compounds must contain:

A) Carbon
B) Oxygen
C) Nitrogen
D) Sulfur

A

Answer: A) Carbon

24
Q

Which of the following is the most abundant inorganic compound in living cells?

A) Salt
B) Water
C) Phospholipids
D) Glucose

A

Answer: B) Water

25
Q

Water’s ability to absorb and release large amounts of heat before changing temperature is called:

A) High heat capacity
B) High heat of vaporization
C) Cohesion
D) Polarity

A

Answer: A) High heat capacity

26
Q

The property of water that allows it to dissolve ionic and polar substances is called:

A) Heat capacity
B) Solubility
C) Polar solvent properties
D) Adhesion

A

Answer: C) Polar solvent properties

27
Q

Which of the following compounds dissociates into cations and anions when dissolved in water?

A) Proteins
B) Lipids
C) Salts
D) Carbohydrates

A

Answer: C) Salts

28
Q

Acids are considered proton:

A) Donors
B) Acceptors
C) Neutrals
D) Buffers

A

Answer: A) Donors

29
Q

Which of the following pH values represents an acidic solution?

A) 8.0
B) 7.0
C) 6.0
D) 14.0

A

Answer: C) 6.0

30
Q

Buffers function to:

A) Speed up chemical reactions
B) Resist changes in pH
C) Lower pH
D) Increase temperature

A

Answer: B) Resist changes in pH

31
Q

Which of the following is a monosaccharide?

A) Sucrose
B) Lactose
C) Glycogen
D) Glucose

A

Answer: D) Glucose

32
Q

Polysaccharides are polymers made of:

A) Fatty acids
B) Amino acids
C) Nucleotides
D) Simple sugars

A

Answer: D) Simple sugars

33
Q

Which type of lipid is a major component of cell membranes?

A) Triglycerides
B) Phospholipids
C) Steroids
D) Eicosanoids

A

Answer: B) Phospholipids

34
Q

The most common type of neutral fat in the body is:

A) Cholesterol
B) Phospholipid
C) Steroid
D) Triglyceride

A

Answer: D) Triglyceride

35
Q

Which of the following is a steroid?

A) Cholesterol
B) Glycogen
C) Glucose
D) Phospholipid

A

Answer: A) Cholesterol

36
Q

Proteins are polymers composed of:

A) Monosaccharides
B) Fatty acids
C) Amino acids
D) Nucleotides

A

Answer: C) Amino acids

37
Q

The quaternary structure of a protein is formed by:

A) Folding of the secondary structure
B) Two or more polypeptide chains linked together
C) A single polypeptide chain
D) Hydrogen bonds between amino acids

A

Answer: B) Two or more polypeptide chains linked together

38
Q

What type of bond connects amino acids to form a protein?

A) Ionic bond
B) Peptide bond
C) Hydrogen bond
D) Disulfide bond

A

Answer: B) Peptide bond

39
Q

Enzymes act as:

A) Structural components of cells
B) Chemical messengers
C) Biological catalysts
D) Energy sources

A

Answer: C) Biological catalysts

40
Q

Enzymes work by:

A) Increasing activation energy
B) Lowering activation energy
C) Adding energy to the reaction
D) Consuming substrates

A

Answer: B) Lowering activation energy

41
Q

Enzyme names often end with the suffix:

A) -ose
B) -ine
C) -ase
D) -one

A

Answer: C) -ase

42
Q

The building blocks of nucleic acids are:

A) Monosaccharides
B) Fatty acids
C) Nucleotides
D) Amino acids

A

Answer: C) Nucleotides

42
Q

Which of the following nitrogenous bases is only found in RNA?

A) Adenine
B) Thymine
C) Guanine
D) Uracil

A

Answer: D) Uracil

43
Q

The primary function of DNA is to:

A) Synthesize proteins directly
B) Store and transfer genetic information
C) Catalyze chemical reactions
D) Regulate pH balance

A

Answer: B) Store and transfer genetic information

44
Q

Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA?

A) mRNA
B) tRNA
C) rRNA
D) dRNA

A

Answer: D) dRNA

45
Q

Which molecule provides an immediate source of energy for cellular processes?

A) Glucose
B) DNA
C) ATP
D) NADH

A

Answer: C) ATP

46
Q

Energy is released from ATP when:

A) A phosphate group is added
B) ATP is converted to ADP and a phosphate group
C) ATP is synthesized from ADP
D) Two phosphate groups are removed

A

Answer: B) ATP is converted to ADP and a phosphate group

BLG101 (2 decks)

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