Lecture 1 and Chapter 1 (Lizard Evolution)

Question 1

What leads to speciation?

Answer 1

Natural Selection

Question 2

What does a node show?

Answer 2

common ancestry

Question 3

What is biodiversity a result of?

Answer 3

It is a result of a series of layered and interconnected processes and interactions.

Question 4

What is deductive reasoning?

Answer 4

it applies to general principles to predict specific results.

Question 5

What is inductive reasoning?

Answer 5

Specific observations to construct general scientific principles.

Question 6

How do you test a hypothesis?

Answer 6

Through experimentation

Question 7

What is a variable in an experiment?

Answer 7

A factor that influences a process, outcome, or observation.

Question 8

What is a control group?

Answer 8

the variable of interest

Question 9

What is reductionism?

Answer 9

Understanding a complex system by reducing it to its working parts (models)

Question 10

What is a theory?

Answer 10

1. a proposed explanation for some natural phenomenon often based on a general principle.
2. a body of interconnected concepts, supported by scientific and experimental evidence, that explains the facts in some area of study.

Question 11

What is basic research?

Answer 11

extend boundaries of what we know

Question 12

What is applied research?

Answer 12

It involves manufacturing based on basic research.

Question 13

What is biology?

Answer 13

The study of living things

Question 14

What qualifications does something have to have to be considered living?

Answer 14

1.Cellular organization
2. ordered complexities
3. sensitivity
4.growth, development, and reproduction
5. energy utilization (metabolism)
6. Homeostasis
7.Evolutionary adaptation

Question 15

What is the organization of the ecosystem? (smallest to ecosystem)

Answer 15

1. cellular level (atoms)–> clusters (molecules)–> organelles–> cells
2. organismal level–> tissues—> organs–> organ system
   3.populational level (population–> species–> biological comunity
3. ecosystem level
   5.Biosphere (everything)

Question 16

What does evolution progressive change from ____ to ____?

Answer 16

simple to complex

Question 17

What was Darwin’s 5 year voyage called?

Answer 17

The Beagle

Question 18

What did Darwin discover on his voyage?

Answer 18

That lineages gradually change as species migrate.

Question 19

What did Malthus argue?

Answer 19

Plants and animals tend to increase geometrically while supplies increase arithmetically.

Question 20

Because of Malthus’s argument what is true about the number of organisms that survive? What concept does that ultimately lead to?

Answer 20

Only a limited number will survive, and the species that survive pass on desirable traits. Natural Selection.

Question 21

What is needed in the fossil record?

Answer 21

Intermediate links (transition fossils)

Question 22

What is evolution?

Answer 22

genetic change in a population of organisms

Question 23

What is artificial selection?

Answer 23

Change in the genetic structure of populations due to selective breeding by humans.

Question 24

What is natural selection?

Answer 24

the differential reproduction of genotypes, caused by factors in the environment leads to evolutionary change

Question 25

What is homologous structure?

Answer 25

the shared part from a common ancestor

Question 26

What is analogous structure?

Answer 26

Same function but different origin.

Question 27

What is a phylogenic tree?

Answer 27

A diagram that depicts the lines of evolutionary descent of different species, organisms, or genes from a common ancestor.

Question 28

What are some core concepts in Biology?

Answer 28

Life is subject to chemical and physical laws.
Structure determines shape.
Living systems transform energy and matter.
Living systems depend on information transactions.
Evolution explains the unity and diversity of life.