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Anatomy II Exam 1 > Lecture 1 and 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 and 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pterion?

A

the junction of the greater wing of sphenoid, squamous temporal, frontal, and parietal bone

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2
Q

What does the pterion overlie?

A

course of anterior division of middle meningeal artery

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3
Q

What is the lambda?

A

point on calvaria at the junction of lambdoid and sagittal sutures

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4
Q

What is the bregma?

A

point on calvaria at the junction of the coronal and sagitall sutures

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5
Q

What is the vertex?

A

superior point of neurocranium, in the middle with cranium oriented in anatomical plane

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6
Q

What is the asterion?

A

star shaped, located at junction of three sutures

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7
Q

What is the glabella?

A

smooth prominence, most marked in males, on frontal bones superior to root of nose

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8
Q

What is the inion?

A

most prominent point of external occipital protuberance

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9
Q

What is the nasion?

A

point on cranium where frononasal and internasal sutures meet

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10
Q

What foramen does V1 pass thorugh?

A

superior orbital fissure

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11
Q

What foramen does V2 pass through?

A

foramen rotundum

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12
Q

What foramen does V3 pass through?

A

foramen ovale

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13
Q

What passes through the foramen cecum?

A

nasal emissary vein

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14
Q

What passes through the cribiform foramina in cribiform plate?

A

axons of olfactory cells in olfactory epithelium that forms olfactory nerves

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15
Q

What passes through the anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina?

A

vessels and nerves with same name

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16
Q

What passes through the optic canals?

A

optic nerves and opthalamic arteries

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17
Q

What passes through the superior orbital fissure?

A

opthalmic veins, opthalmic nerves (V1), CN III, CN IV, CN VI, and sympathetic fibers

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18
Q

What passes through the foramen rotundum?

A

maxillary nerve (CN V2)

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19
Q

What passes through the foramen ovale?

A

mandibular nerve (CN V3) and accessory meningeal artery

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20
Q

What passes through the foramen spinosum?

A

middle meningeal artery and vein and meningeal branch of CN V3

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21
Q

What passes through the foramen lacerum?

A

deep petrosal nerve and some meningeal arterial branches and small veins

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22
Q

What passes through the groove or hiatus of greater petrosal nerve?

A

greater petrosal nerve and petrosal branch of middle meningeal artery

23
Q

What passes through the foramen magnum?

A

medulla and meninges, vertebral arteries, CN XI, dural veins, anterior and posterior spinal arteries

24
Q

What passes through the jugular foramen?

A

CN IX, X, and XI, superior bulb of internal jugular vein, inferior petrosal and sigmoid sinuses and meningeal branches of ascending pharyngeal and occipital arteries

25
Q

What passes through the hypoglossal canal?

A

hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

26
Q

What passes through the condylar nerve?

A

emissary vein that passes from the sigmoid sinus to vertebral vein in neck

27
Q

What passes through the mastoid foramen?

A

mastoid emissary vein from sigmoid sinus and meningeal branch of occipital artery

28
Q

What is CN I ?

A

olfactory nerve
-sensory smell

29
Q

What is CN II ?

A

optic nerve
-sensory vision

30
Q

What is CN III?

A

oculomotor nerve
-motor: ciliary muscles, sphincter pupillae, all extrinsic muscles of eye EXCEPT superior oblique muscle of eye and lateral rectus muscle of eye

31
Q

What is the CN IV?

A

trochlear nerve
-motor: superior oblique muscle of the eye

32
Q

What is CN V?

A

trigeminal nerve
-motor: muscles of mastication and 4 others
-sensory: face, oral, nasal, and sinus mucosa, teeth, anterior 2/3 of tongue

33
Q

What is CN VI?

A

abducens nerve
-motor: lateral rectus muscle of eye

34
Q

What is CN VII?

A

facial nerve

primary root
-motor: muscle of facial expression

intermediate nerve
-motor: submandibular, sublingual, lacrimal, nasal and palatine glands
-sensory: taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue, soft palate

35
Q

What is CN VIII?

A

vestibulococlear nerve
-vestibule nerve
sensory: equilibrium, motion
-cochlear nerve
sensory: hearing

36
Q

What is CN IX?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve
-motor: stylopharyngeus and parotid gland
-sensory: taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue, general sensation, pharynx, tonsillar sinus, pharyngotmpanic tube, middle ear cavity

37
Q

What is CN X?

A

vagus nerve
-motor: palate, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, heart, GI tract to left colic flexure
-sensory: pharynx, larynx, reflex sensory from trachiobronchial tree, lungs, heart, GI tract to left colic flexure

38
Q

What is CN XI?

A

spinal accessory nerve
-motor: sternocleidomastiod and trapezius

39
Q

What is CN XII?

A

hypoglossal nerve
-motor: all intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue

40
Q

What would fracture of cribiform plate cause?

A

anomsia, cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea

41
Q

What would direct trauma to orbit or eyeball cause?

A

loss of pupillary constriction

42
Q

What would pressure on optic pathway cause?

A

visual field defects

43
Q

What would pressure from herniating uncus on nerve or fracture involving the cavernous sinus cause?

A

dilating pupil, ptosis, eye turns down and out, pupillary reflex on side of lesion would be lost

44
Q

What would fracture of the orbit cause?

A

inability to look down when eye is abducted

45
Q

What would injury of terminal branches in roof of maxillary sinus cause?

A

loss of pain and touch sensations, paraesthesia, masseter and temporalis muscles do not contract, deviation of mandible to side of lesion when mouth is open

46
Q

What would injury to base of brain of fraction involving cavernous sinus or orbit cause?

A

eye fails to move laterally, diplopa on lateral gaze

47
Q

What would laceration or contusion in parotid region cause?

A

paralysis of facial muscles, eye remains open, angle of mouth droops, forehead does not wrinkle

48
Q

What would fracture of temporal bone cause?

A

paralysis of facial muscles, eye remains open, angle of mouth droops, forehead does not wrinkle plus dry cornea and loss of taste on anterior 2/3 of tongue

49
Q

What would a stroke cause?

A

forehead wrinkles due to bilateral inneravation of frontalis muscles
-paralysis of contralateral facial muscle

50
Q

What would an acoustic neuroma cause?

A

progressive unilateral hearing loss, tinnitus

51
Q

What would a brainstem lesion or deep laceration of the neck cause

A

EITHER
-loss of taste on posterior 2/3 on tongue, loss of sensation on affected side of soft palate
OR
-sagging of soft palate, deviation of uvula to normal side side, hoarseness owing to paralysis of focal fold

52
Q

What would laceration of neck cause?

A

paralysis of sternoceidomastoid and descending fibers of trapzius, drooping of sholder

53
Q

What would neck laceration, fractures of cranial base cause?

A

protruding tongue deviates toward affected side
moderate dysarthria

Anatomy II Exam 1 (3 decks)

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