Lecture 1 and 2 (1/22 and 1/24) Themes, Personality, and Freud Theories

Question 1

How many themes are there in Psychology?

Answer 1

7

Question 2

What are the two divisions of the themes?

Answer 2

1. Related as a field of study

2. Related to a subject matter

Question 3

Related as a field of study, psychology is…

Answer 3

1. empirical
2. theoretically diverse
3. a psychological theory and knowledge evolve in a sociohistorical context

Question 4

Related to a subject matter, psychology is…

Answer 4

1. behavior determined by multiple causes
2. behavior influenced jointly by heredity and environment (nature + nuture)
3. culture (a major environmental influence)
4. people’s experience of “reality” (highly subjective)

Question 5

What is personality?

Answer 5

a unique set of consistent emotional, cognitive, and behavioral dispositions or tendencies

Question 6

Consistency and uniqueness are….

Answer 6

relative and distinctive

Question 7

Dispositions or tendencies are…

Answer 7

tilts in the direction of the behavior

Question 8

What is the 5 factor model of personality?

Answer 8

1. Extraversion (positive emotionality)
2. Neuroticism (negative emotionality)
3. Agreeableness
4. Conscientiousness (constraint)
5. Openness to experience (ideas)

Question 9

What are the high and low traits of the 5 factor models of personality?

Answer 9

1. outgoing vs reserved
2. anxious vs. relaxed
3. cooperative vs. stubborn
4. organized vs. sloppy
5. liberal (go with the flow) vs. conservative (routine)

Question 10

What is factor analysis?

Answer 10

Taking a large amount of variables and reducing it to a smaller quantity without losing the value behind your conclusion

Question 11

Who is Sigmund Freud?

Answer 11

a neurologist during the Victorian era who used personal inclinations and experiences to make assumptions he stated as facts that created psychoanagolgy

Question 12

The 3 main ideas of Freud’s theory are…

Answer 12

1. traits transcend situations
2. personality is formed in childhood
3. behavior is driven primarily by unconscious forces

Question 13

What are 3 parts of the subconscious according to Freud?

Answer 13

1. Id: present at birth; drive of satisfaction; pleasure principle
2. Ego: comes out @ 1st year of life; rational thought and controls/channels id; reality principle
3. Superego: @ age 5-6; a hyper-stripped; excessively strict conscience; fights with id

Question 14

Define libido

Answer 14

sexual life energy that drives id; desire for pleasure

Question 15

Define thanatos

Answer 15

self destructive death instinct of id; ego displaces it as aggression toward others

Question 16

Define the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious

Answer 16

Conscious: consists of things you are currently aware of; constantly changing; not apart of us

Preconscious: consists of things in long term memory that influence behavior; could be retrieved if desired

Unconscious: consists of things unaware of but influence you; id lies here; primary personality

Question 17

What are the two main ideas of the unconscious?

Answer 17

1. It can’t be tapped directly.

2. Reflected in freudian slips, humor, and dreams

Question 18

Dreams are….

Answer 18

the royal road to the unconscious; fulfilled id urges without disturbing superego; not what they seem to be

Question 19

What are the 5 psychosexual stages? What are they the source of?

Answer 19

A. Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, and Genital

B. Source of libido satisfaction

Question 20

The Oral stage…

Answer 20

last from 0-1 yr old; satisfaction comes from the mouth, fixation = over/undereating, alcoholism, smoking, and a dependent personality

Question 21

The Anal stage…

Answer 21

last from 1yr-3yr old; satisfaction comes from the anus (expelling and withholding feces); fixation = excessive orderliness/messiness

Question 22

The Phallic stage… (think Bill Clinton)

Answer 22

last from 3yr-6yr old; most important stage; believed sex-role id occurred & superego emerged; castration anxiety & penis envy; fixation = homosexuality, promiscuity, frigidity and/or other sex-related problems

Question 23

Latency Stage…

Answer 23

delay; a time of focus on achievement & mastery of skills (libido channeled here); little of interest happened here

Question 24

Genital Stage…

Answer 24

time of mature personality (intimacy w/ others); libido satisfied by adult-type monogamous heterosexuality

Question 25

What is a defense mechanism according to Freud?

Answer 25

all unconscious methods used by the ego for dealing with unconscious conflict that distort reality (hurt communication); though some more mature than others

Question 26

What are the 7 defense mechanisms?

Answer 26

Repression, Displacement, Projection, Rationalization, Regression, Reaction Formation, and Sublimation

Question 27

Regression is…

Answer 27

relegating anxiety; causing thoughts to the unconscious, remaining completely unaware of them (keeping things out of superego)