lecture 1: anatomy of the heart and circulation

Question 1

what is

1. anterior
2. posterior
3. superior
4. inferior

Answer 1

1. front
2. behind
3. above
4. below

Question 2

what is

1. median
2. medial
3. lateral
4. proximal
5. distal
6. superficial
7. deep

Answer 2

1. mid sagittal (middle)
2. closer to the mid line
3. further from the mid line
4. closer
5. further
6. surface
7. deep

Question 3

what is

1. sagittal
2. frontal
3. horizontal

Answer 3

1. Line from head → toes cut from front to back of head.
2. A plane as seen cut from ear → ear from head → toes.
3. A plane as seen cut from hand → hand

Question 4

where does the heart sit?

Answer 4

• the heart sits in the mediastinum which is slightly to the left of the body
• sits in a sac called the pericardium

Question 5

what is the mediastinum?

Answer 5

• the mediastinum houses the heart and the pericardium and it is made up of 2 plural cavities where the lungs sit
• the mediastinum is made up of the superior and inferior mediastinum
• there is also an anterior and posterior mediastinum

Question 6

what is the endocardium?

Answer 6

one cell thick layer which is the interface between the heart and the blood

Question 7

what is the myocardium

Answer 7

thick layer of cardiac muscle cells

Question 8

what is the visceral pericardium?

Answer 8

near the heart

a layer of serious tissue between the myocardium and the pericardial space

Question 9

what is the parietal pericardium?

Answer 9

outside the heart

this is a layer of serious tissue lining the fibrous pericardium and facing the pericardial space

Question 10

what is fibrous pericardium?

what are the serous membranes ?

Answer 10

this is connective tissue to protect the heart and hold its position

• the secretory layers which provide lubrication between the heart and the fibrous membrane

Question 11

what is the right valve?

what is the left valve?

Answer 11

right - tricuspid

left - bicuspid

Question 12

what is the outside wall?

Answer 12

• tunica externa

collagen

Question 13

what is the middle wall

Answer 13

• tunica media

elastic and collagen

Question 14

the inner wall

Answer 14

• tunica intima
  vascular endothelium
  basement membrane

Question 15

what layers are between the layers?

Answer 15

the external and internal lamina

Question 16

what are the main blood vessels
other names

1. arteries
2. arterioles
3. capillaries
4. venues
5. vein

Answer 16

1. conduit vessels
2. resistance vessels
3. exchange vessels
4. capacitance vessels

Question 17

what are the main coronary arteries?

how many?

Answer 17

• the right coronary arteries
• the left anterior descending
• the left circumflex

3

Question 18

what is a coronary sinus?

Answer 18

all coronary veins join into the coronary sinus which acts as a collecting duct

drains into the right atrium

Question 19

what are trunk vessels?

Answer 19

these are the primary branches which then branch into smaller arteries

Question 20

what does the pulmonary trunk branch into?

Answer 20

two branches that both go into the lungs

Question 21

what does the right brachiocephalic trunk branch into?

what does the left brachiocephalic trunk branch into?

Answer 21

exists on the right side

• the right subclavian artery branches into the body
• the right common carotid artery goes to the head

there is NO left brachiocephalic

Question 22

what are the main veins?

Answer 22

• right Brachiocephalic Vein
• the right internal jugular vein (goes straight into the superior vena cava)
• the right subclavian vein
• left Brachiocephalic Vein
• the left internal jugular vein
• the left subclavian vein