lecture 1: anatomy of the heart and circulation Flashcards
what is
- anterior
- posterior
- superior
- inferior
- front
- behind
- above
- below
what is
- median
- medial
- lateral
- proximal
- distal
- superficial
- deep
- mid sagittal (middle)
- closer to the mid line
- further from the mid line
- closer
- further
- surface
- deep
what is
- sagittal
- frontal
- horizontal
- Line from head → toes cut from front to back of head.
- A plane as seen cut from ear → ear from head → toes.
- A plane as seen cut from hand → hand
where does the heart sit?
- the heart sits in the mediastinum which is slightly to the left of the body
- sits in a sac called the pericardium
what is the mediastinum?
- the mediastinum houses the heart and the pericardium and it is made up of 2 plural cavities where the lungs sit
- the mediastinum is made up of the superior and inferior mediastinum
- there is also an anterior and posterior mediastinum
what is the endocardium?
one cell thick layer which is the interface between the heart and the blood
what is the myocardium
thick layer of cardiac muscle cells
what is the visceral pericardium?
near the heart
a layer of serious tissue between the myocardium and the pericardial space
what is the parietal pericardium?
outside the heart
this is a layer of serious tissue lining the fibrous pericardium and facing the pericardial space
what is fibrous pericardium?
what are the serous membranes ?
this is connective tissue to protect the heart and hold its position
- the secretory layers which provide lubrication between the heart and the fibrous membrane
what is the right valve?
what is the left valve?
right - tricuspid
left - bicuspid
what is the outside wall?
- tunica externa
collagen
what is the middle wall
- tunica media
elastic and collagen
the inner wall
- tunica intima
vascular endothelium
basement membrane
what layers are between the layers?
the external and internal lamina
what are the main blood vessels
other names
- arteries
- arterioles
- capillaries
- venues
- vein
- conduit vessels
- resistance vessels
- exchange vessels
- capacitance vessels
what are the main coronary arteries?
how many?
- the right coronary arteries
- the left anterior descending
- the left circumflex
3
what is a coronary sinus?
all coronary veins join into the coronary sinus which acts as a collecting duct
drains into the right atrium
what are trunk vessels?
these are the primary branches which then branch into smaller arteries
what does the pulmonary trunk branch into?
two branches that both go into the lungs
what does the right brachiocephalic trunk branch into?
what does the left brachiocephalic trunk branch into?
exists on the right side
- the right subclavian artery branches into the body
- the right common carotid artery goes to the head
there is NO left brachiocephalic
what are the main veins?
- right Brachiocephalic Vein
- the right internal jugular vein (goes straight into the superior vena cava)
- the right subclavian vein
- left Brachiocephalic Vein
- the left internal jugular vein
- the left subclavian vein
