Lecture 1

Question 1

Legend Drug

Answer 1

Drug that requires a prescription from a licensed provider (can be controlled or non-controlled)

Question 2

Behind the Counter (BTC)

Answer 2

Do not need prescription, kept in pharmacy, sales are limited by quantity

Question 3

Over the Counter (OTC)

Answer 3

Non-prescription, homeopathic (natural drugs that stimulate immunity) and dietary supplements (vitamins, minerals)

Question 4

4 requirements Therapeutic Equivalence

Answer 4

1. Drug contains same chemical entity, 2. Drug has same quantity of active ingredients, 3. Drug has same dosage form, 4. Drug has same route of administration.

Question 5

4 Drug- Drug Interactions

Answer 5

1. Addition
2. Synergy
3. Antagonism
4. Potentiation

Question 6

Addition

Answer 6

Combined effect of two drugs equal to the sum of the effects of each drug taken along

Question 7

Synergy

Answer 7

Joint action of drugs in which combined effect is more intense of longer than the sum of effects of the drugs.

Question 8

Antagonism

Answer 8

One drug works against the action of another drug

Question 9

Potentiation

Answer 9

The effect of one drug is greatly increased or prolonged by the intake of another drug itself without notable effect.

Question 10

Drug Disease

Answer 10

When a drug that is intended for therapeutic use causes harmful effects in the patient bc of a condition that the patient has. There are some diseases that alter the body’s ability to metabolize or break down a drug so it wont have intended effect

Question 11

Drug disease that hinders decongestants?

Answer 11

Hypertension or diabetes

Question 12

Drug disease that hinders first-generation calcium channel blockers?

Answer 12

Congestive heart failure

Question 13

Drug disease that hinders aspirin?

Answer 13

Peptic Ulcer disease

Question 14

Drug - Dietary Supplement Interaction

Answer 14

Herbal or dietary supplements develop interactions with prescription drugs (ex: warfarin interacts with 62% of supplements taken0

Question 15

Drug-Nutrient Interaction (Drug - Food Interaction)

Answer 15

Patients nutrition impacts metabolism of various drugs (ex: warfarin or when drug is taken on empty stomach)

Question 16

Drug - Laboratory Interaction

Answer 16

many prescription medications can have impact on laboratory testing (antibiotics, psychotropics, anti-hypertensives, hormones)

Question 17

Contraindications

Answer 17

Diseases, symptoms, conditions for which the drug will not be beneficial and will do harm. Individuals who should not be given medication due to drug-drug interaction or other conditions that may conflict with the action of the drug.

Question 18

Boxed Warning (Black Box warning)

Answer 18

Encased in bold border in manufacturers insert indicates proper use of drug to avoid serious side effects. Required on medications with high-risk for consumer.

Question 19

Adverse effects

Answer 19

Unwanted effect of the medication even when administered correctly. (Unexpected effect that can occur in a clinical setting)

Question 20

Drug allergy

Answer 20

Immune system reaction to drug, triggers reaction. Mediated by Immunoglobin E antibodies, typically causes symptoms in nose, lunge, throat or skin

Question 21

Side-Effect

Answer 21

Can be predicted (unlike adverse effects) a secondary, unwanted response to the drug rather than primary therapeutic effect.

Question 22

Narrow Therapeutic Index (NTI)

Answer 22

Small Differences in dose or blood concentration can lead to serious therapeutic failures and/or adverse drug reactions that are life threatening or result in persistent or significant disability or incapacity.

Question 23

Drug Stability

Answer 23

Extent who which a drug substance or product retains (through period of storage and use) the same properties and characteristics that is processed at time of manufacturing.

Question 24

Physical and Chemical Incompatibilities

Answer 24

Occurs between two of more drugs when combined in same syringe, tubing, or bottle

Question 25

Physical Reaction between drugs

Answer 25

Visible changes, precipitation , color change, consistency change, gas production, opalescence

Question 26

Chemical Reaction between drugs

Answer 26

Considered significant when more than 10% degradation of one or more of solututions components occur.

Question 27

3 keys of Proper storage of medication

Answer 27

Security, safety, integrity

Question 28

Prescription

Answer 28

Inside hospital, prescription is a “medication order” outside it is a “prescription”

Question 29

Essential Elements of a prescription

Answer 29

Patient full name, date of prescription, Inscription (drug name, dose, quantities os ingredients), signa (patient directions for the label), number of refills or no refills, physician signature (handwritten), Indication whether generic is permitted.