Lecture 1 Flashcards
What are homogenetic associations
Associations between individuals of the same species which can lead to specializations such as division of labour within bees
What are heterogenic associations
Complex associations between individuals of different species
What are the categories of heterogenic associations
Commensalism, Mutualism and Parasitism
What is symbiosis
The process of two individuals living together/ in close association
What is Commensalism
“Together at the same table”
This is a loose association where one individual benefits whilst the other neither benefits nor is disadvantaged. Close in definition to mutualism
Are associations due to symbiosis genetically determined?
Yes
What are the four types of commensalism and their examples
Phoretic( travel)
Cleaning
Protection
Syneoicious
Does cleaning commensalism resemble mutualism
Yes, as the organism being cleaned benefits
What is the main difference between commensalism and mutualism
Mutualists are physiologically dependent on each other
Give examples of cleaning commensalism
See lecture
Give examples of phoretic commensalism
See lecture
Give examples of synoecious commensalism
See lecture
Give examples of protection commensalism
See lecture
Give examples of mutualism
Lichens
Zooxanthellae
What is parasitism
“Beside food”. An interspecific interaction where a parasite is dependent on a host for food, shelter and developmental stimuli, at its expense
What is an ectoparasite
A parasite which lives on the surface of its host
What is an endoparasite
These are parasites which live internally
What are facultative parasites
These are free living organisms which can become parasites in certain situations. Also called opportunistic infections
What are hyperparasites?
These are parasites which parasitise other parasites
List the various types of hosts
Definitive/Primary host, Intermediate host, Paratenic host, Reservoir host, vector
What is a primary host?
This is the host in which the parasite reaches sexual maturity, or in the case of asexual parasites the trophozoite stage
What is an intermediate host
This is the host where necessary development of the parasite takes place. In these hosts larvae and cysts tend to be present
What is a paratenic/transport host
In this host the parasite does not develop therefore the host in not affected. However parasites tend to accumualate in this host
What is a reservoir host
This is a non human animal which is a definitive host of a parasite.
What is a zoonosis
A parasite of animals which is transmittable to humans
What is a vector
Any biological agent which transmits disease
List three differences between predators and parasites
- Predators kill hosts whilst parasites do not
- Predators tend to be larger than their hosts whilst parasites do not
- Parasites are symbiotic whilst predators are not
