Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Impact on the Envrionment > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Four Phases of Climate Change:

A
  1. Stable Cool Period
  2. Rapid Rise
  3. Slight Decrease
  4. Rapid Rise
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The environment includes:

A
  • atmosphere
  • hydrosphere
  • cryosphere
  • lithosphere
  • biosphere
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Resources:

A

specific components of the environment (forests, wildlife, oceans, rivers and lakes, minerals and petroleum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Anthropocentric View:

A

value is defined relative to human interests, wants, and needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Eccentric or Biocentric View:

A

resources are seen as having independent of human wants and needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Disciplinary:

A

associated with one academic discipline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Multidisciplinary:

A

work in isolation: work only with others from same discipline or profession

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cross-Disciplinary:

A

uses other disciplines to enhance their perspetive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Interdisciplinary:

A

specialists work together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Transdisciplinary:

A

seeking a holistic understanding that transcends disciplinary boundaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which discipliners should be used to better understand complex environment systems>

A

Interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

DISCO = ?

A

Dominion Iron and Steel Company

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is coke?

A

Fuel made by burning or heating coal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is evidence for toxic material in the Sydney Tar Ponds?

A
  • the impact on animals, fish, grass and aquatic life

- deformities in the bones of fish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What remediation technique is being testing in the video about eh Tar Ponds?

A

solidification - cementing = cement +flyash +slag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What properties of the cement make it a good solidifier in the video of Sydney Tar Ponds?

A
  • water isn’t permeable

- Strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What ecological test would prove that remediation is effective regarding the Sydney Tar Ponds?

A
  • increase in the # of species

- Disappearance of deformities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What were the 5 demands stated by the BC government before they would agree to the pipeline?

A
  1. completion of an environmental review process
  2. Proper marine oil spill repose, prevention and recovery system
  3. Proper land oil spill response “ “ “
  4. Address aboriginal rights and benefits
  5. BC receives its fair share of dismal and economic benefits reflecting the level of risk borne
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Sustainable Development:

A

development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Economic Development:

A

conducing without depletion of natural resources (AVOID)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Sustainable Livelihoods:

A

emphasize the conditions necessary to ensure the basic human needs are satisfied

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Resilience:

A

the ability of a system to absorb disturbance and still retains basic function and structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Three types of resources;

A
  1. Perpetual: direct sunlight, winds, oceans,
  2. Renewable: fresh air, fresh water, fresh soil
  3. Non-Renewable: fossil fuels, metallic minerals, non-metallic miners (clay, sand)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Sustainable Yield:

A

the highest rate at which renewable resource can be used indefinitely without reducing it available supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Environment Degradation:

A

depletion of a potentially renewable resource that is used after than it is naturally replenished

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Two examples of depletion of renewable resources.

A
  1. Ogallala Aquifer

2. Oral Sea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Population pressure:

A

increase in number and consumption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Bubonic Plague:

A

large decrease in population due to fast spreading of disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

4 Main phases as a population passes through a demographic transition:

A
  1. high equilibrium; preindustrial
  2. high expanding; early stages
  3. Low expanding; western societies
  4. low equilibrium; balance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Demographic Transition:

A

transition from high birth and death rates to low rates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

9 Main Planetary Biophysical Processes

A
  1. Global Fresh water
  2. Change in land use
  3. biodiversity loss
  4. Atmospheric aerosol loading
  5. chemical pollution
  6. climate change
  7. Sean acidification
  8. stratospheric ozone depletion
  9. nitrogen/phosphorus cycle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

aspects for improvement involving sustainability:

A
  1. implementation gap existed b/c policy direction was not translated into effective action often enough
  2. lack of coordination and integration was frequent because may pressing issues required shared responsibility amongst agencies
  3. Inadequate review processes prevented senior managers an parliamentarians from knowing what was being accomplished, and how successfully
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Biocapacity:

A

the amount f biologically productive area available to meet humanity needs (crops, pasture, forest)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

The DPSIR indicators:

A
  1. driving forces
  2. pressure indicators
  3. state indicators
  4. impact indicators
  5. response indicators
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Science based management approach:

A
  1. focus the since on key issues and communicate it in a policy-relevant form
  2. use scientific info to clarify issues, identify potential manager options, and estimate consequences of decisions
  3. clearly and simply communicate key scientific findings to all participants
  4. evaluate whether or not the final decisions is consistent with scientific info
  5. avoid advocacy of any particular solution
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

The Living Planet Index:

A

shows a 35% reduction overall in the plAnets ecological health since 1970

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Ecological footprints:

A

show the extent of human demand on global ecosystems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Energy:

A

the capacity to do work and it measured in calories or Joules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Potential energy:

A

is troef energy that is available for later use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Kinetic Energy:

A

energy derived from an objects motion and mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

what are the green pigments in plants that absorb light from the sun called?

A

Chlorophylls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

can energy be destroyed or created?

A

no it can only be changed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

photosynthesis produces __________.

A

oxygen

44
Q

organisms with the ability to capture energy and manufacture matter are known as what?

A

autotrophs OR producers

45
Q

if an organism is not a producer, it must be a ________.

A

heterotroph or consumer

46
Q

what are the two kinds of autotrophs?

A

phototrophs or chemoautotrophs

47
Q

_______ get their energy from light.

A

phototrophs

48
Q

_______ obtain their energy from chemicals in the envrionment.

A

chemoautotrophs

49
Q

biomass = ?

A

living matter

50
Q

________ must have access to oxygen for cellular respiration to take place, or they will die.

A

Aerobic organisms.

51
Q

which types of organisms can survive without oxygen?

A

anaerobic organisms

52
Q

Level of Food Chain:

A
  1. Primary Consumers: eating plants
  2. Secondary Consumers: eating herbivores
  3. Tertiary ConsumersL eating animals that are secondary consumers or higher
53
Q

Food Chain:

A

the flow of energy from organism to another organism

54
Q

Trophic Levels:

A

an organisms feeding status in a food web

55
Q

Food Webs:

A

a network of food chains

56
Q

how much energy is lost with each trophic level?

A

90%

57
Q

Omnivores:

A

consume meat and plants

58
Q

Scavengers:

A

costume carcasses (crows)

59
Q

Detritivores:

A

consume debris/waste (ants)

60
Q

Decomposers:

A

consume all animal and plant waste (bacteria)

61
Q

Decomposer food chains are based on the dead organic material called what?

A

detritus

62
Q

the ecosphere is composed of what?

A

lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere

63
Q

what does the atmosphere consist of?

A

troposphere
stratosphere
mesosphere
thermosphere

64
Q

Give an example of low-quality energy.

A

low temp heat (oceans)

65
Q

Give an example of high-quality heat.

A

fire, hot coal or gasoline

66
Q

which two laws of physics describe the energy transformation ?

A
  1. law of conservation of energy

2. second law of thermodynamics

67
Q

the more transforming of energy, what happens to that energy?

A

becomes less useful and lower quality

68
Q

Are all plants autotrophs?

A

NO

69
Q

_____ food chains dominate marine ecosystems.

A

Grazing food chains

70
Q

_____ food chains dominate forest and freshwater ecosystems.

A

Detrital food chains

71
Q

Which type of soil dominates Canada?

A

cryosolic (perma frost)

72
Q

The longer the food chain the _____.

A

less effiecent

73
Q

Gross Primary Production:

A

the overall rate of biomass production

74
Q

GPP = ?

A

GPP = NPP + R

75
Q

A group of individuals of the same species is what?

A

a population

76
Q

all of the population of all species in an environment are known as a ______.

A

Community

77
Q

all of the population of all species in an environment are known as a ______.

A

Community

78
Q

ecozones:

A

groups of ecosystems with similar dominant vegetation and animal communities

79
Q

what can be grouped into biomes?

A

ecozones

80
Q

state the order of an ecosystem from smallest to largest.

A

organisms population, community, ecosystems ecozones, biomes

81
Q

key abiotic factors:

A

light, temp, wind, water, soil

82
Q

inorganic materials = ?

A

minerals with no carbon content

83
Q

Soil Profile:

A

is the view across these horizons

84
Q

Humus:

A

decomposed organic material

85
Q

Loams:

A

socials that contain a mixture of humus, clay, silt, sand, and gravel

86
Q

what is the main determinate of soil permeability

A

texture

87
Q

Limiting Factor:

A

factors that determine whether an organism can survive in a given ecosystem

88
Q

Dominant Limiting Factor:

A

the weakest link in the chain of various factors necessary for an organisms survival

89
Q

Range of Tolerance:

A

range of conditions that is ideal for a species

90
Q

Zone of physiological stress:

A

conditions can be tolerated by certain individuals within the population, but are not optimal, so fairly few individuals can exist (arctic)

91
Q

Extinction:

A

entire species ceasing to exist

92
Q

Niche:

A

food it eats, where it lives, where it reproduces, relationships with others

93
Q

Infraspecific competition:

A

occurs among members of the same species; regulates population size

94
Q

Specialized species:

A

have narrow niches and are vulnerable to environmental change (panda)

95
Q

Generalist species:

A

may have a very broad niche (black bear)

96
Q

Interspecific competition:

A

occurs between different species

97
Q

resource partitioning:

A

resources are used at different times or in a different way but species with overlaps of fundamental niches (reducing competition)

98
Q

Optimal foraging theory:

A

point fo compensation between the benefit f obtaining prey and the costs of doings - then predator will adjust prey to optimize benefits

99
Q

Parasitism:

A

a special type of predator-prey relationship; predator lives on its prey (host)

100
Q

Commensalism:

A

interactions that seem to benefit only one partner but does not harm the other

101
Q

Mutualism:

A

relationship benefits both species

102
Q

Keystone species:

A

species with a strong influence on the whole community

103
Q

Genetic diversity:

A

variability in genetic makeup among individuals of the same species; the ultimate source of biodiversity at all levels

104
Q

Species diversity:

A

the total number of species in an area

105
Q

Ecosystem species:

A

the variety of ecosystems in an area

106
Q

Biodiversity hotspots:

A

areas with high numbers of endemic species found daily in tropical areas

107
Q

Endemic species:

A

are particular to a certain area, and found nowhere else on Earth

Human Impact on the Envrionment (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions