Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CM - Gastro Block 5 > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is occult GI bleeding?

A

positive fecal blood test or iron deficient anemia w/o physical signs of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is overt GI bleeding?

A

visible presence of blood in the feces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is dyspepsia?

A

acid peptic disease symptoms w/o endoscopic evidence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is gastritis/duodenitis?

A

evidence of mucosal inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is hematemesis?

A

vomiting blood or “coffee grounds”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is melena?

A

black/tarry stool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is hematochezia?

A

passage of bright red, bloody stools

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does hematochezia suggest?

A

brisk and major bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is a peptic ulcer

A

> 0.5cm mucosal defect that penetrates the musclularis mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what mucosal layer do peptic ulcers penetrate?

A

muscularis mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what area of the GI tract can acid peptic disease affect?

A

esophagus
stomach
duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

GI ulcers are more common in what patients?

A

smokers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what microbe can cause peptic ulcer disease?

A

h. hylori

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what drugs/toxins can cause peptic ulcer disease?

A 
NSAIDs
ASA
bisphosphonates
corticosteroids
cocaine
alcohol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are bisphosphonates used to treat?

A

osteoporosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

by what mechanism can mesentaric vascular occlusion or P. Vera cause a peptic ulcer?

A

ischemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how can Zollinger-Ellison syndrome cause a peptic ulcer?

A

secretion of gastrin –> lowers pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how does Crohn’s disease cause peptic ulcers?

A

systemic inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what patients can develop stress ulcers?

A

crical pts

burn pts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how does h. pylori swim through mucosa?

A

flagella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how does h. pylori neutralize stomach acid?

A

urease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the purpose of h. pylori urease production?

A

neutralized stomach acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the #1 cause of gastric ulcers?

A

h. pylori

24
Q

what factors increase the risk of an h. pylori infection?

A

immune response
smoking
stress

25
Q

what types of gastritis can develop from a chronic h. pylori infection?

A

antral predominant gastritis
nonatrophic pangastritis
corpus predominant atrophic gastritis

26
Q

what can develop from antral-predominant gastritis?

A

duodenal ulcer

asymptomatic h. pylori infection

27
Q

what can develop from nonatrophic pangastritis?

A

MALT lymphoma

asymptomatic h. pylori infection

28
Q

what can develop from corpus predominant atrophic gastritis?

A

asymptomatic h. pylori infection
gastric ulcer
intestinal metaplasia leading to gastric cancer

29
Q

how can you test for h. pylori?

A

histologic exam of gastic mucosa
stool antigen test
carbon-13 urea breath test
serum antibodies

30
Q

what is the treatment for active h. pylori associted ulcers?

A

bismuth quadruple therapy: PPI, bismuth subsalicylate, tetracycline, metronidazole
nonbismuth quadruple therapy: PPI, amoxicillin, metronidazole, clarithromycin

31
Q

how are prostaglandins protective against gastric ulcers?

A

increase blood flow to mucosa

32
Q

how to NSAIDS increase risk of PUD?

A

inhibit prostaglandins

inhibit platelet function

33
Q

what type of NSAID are least likely to cause gastritis?

A

COX-2 inhibitors

34
Q

how does acid aid in UGI bledding?

A

decreases platelet aggregation
activated pepsin–> enhances clot lysis
increases fibrinolytic activity

35
Q

where is the tumor typically located in Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome?

A

pancreas

proximal small bowel

36
Q

what other disease is Zollinger Ellison syndrome associated w/?

A

multiple endocrine neoplasias (MEN1)

37
Q

what patients are most at risk for mesenteric vascular occlusion?

A

elderly w/ ASVD

38
Q

what initiates symptoms w/ mesenteric vascular occlusion?

A

food

physical activity

39
Q

where are stress ulcers most often located?

A

fundus

40
Q

how soon after the initial stress do stress ulcers present?

A

48-72hrs

41
Q

what are stress ulcers due to a head injury called?

A

Cushing’s ulcer

42
Q

what are stress ulcers due to severe burns called?

A

Curling’s ulcer

43
Q

what is the treatment for stress ulcers?

A

maximal hemodynamical support

IV PPI

44
Q

what are the symptoms of an uncomplicated ulcer?

A 
often no symptoms
radiating epigastric pain
pain relieved by food
N/V
heartburn
45
Q

what are symptoms of a complicated ulcer?

A 
severe abdominal pain
shock
guarding
free intraperitoneal air
hemorrhage
syptomatic anemia
gastric outlet obstruction
weight loss
46
Q

how does complicated PUD cause air under the diaphragm?

A

perforation

47
Q

what drugs can you use to treat PUD?

A

antacids
H2 blockers
PPIs
mucosal protective agents (sulcrafate, misoprostol, bismuth subsalicylate)

48
Q

what are antacids used for?

A

occasional dyspepsia

49
Q

what are H2 blockers used for?

A

chronic dyspepsia

50
Q

what is the suffix of H2 blockers?

A

-tidine

51
Q

what is the suffix for PPIs?

A

-prazole

52
Q

what is the MOA of sulcrafate?

A

coats ulcers

53
Q

what is the MOA of misoprostol?

A

prostaglandin analog

54
Q

when is misoprostol contraindicated?

A

pregnancy

55
Q

when should you use bismuth subsalicylate?

A

h. pylori

56
Q

what are red flags with abdominal pain?

A 
weight loss
recurrent vomiting
dsphagia
GI bleeding
anemia
family hx of GI cancer
abdominal mass
57
Q

when is surgery indicated w/ PUD?

A

intractable
bleeding
perforation
obstruction

CM - Gastro Block 5 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions