Lecture 1: 8/22/2016

Question 1

PT 509 is 30% _____ and 70% ________

Answer 1

30% Normal Physiology, 70% Pathophys with emphasis on SINGLE major disease/body system

Question 2

Rough ER: why are they rough?r

Answer 2

Ribosomes

Question 3

Why are the ribosomes important on the RER?

Answer 3

Help with protein synthesis

Question 4

What is other organelle is a continuation of the RER?

Answer 4

Smooth ER

Question 5

What is the function of the smooth ER

Answer 5

Package the proteins, after made by RER

Question 6

Why are proteins important?

Answer 6

Maintain whole body/cellular function; Body uses proteins to build and repair tissue. Need proteins for structure, communication, produce enzymes, hormones, muscle, bone, cartilage, blood and skin

Question 7

Lysosome function?

Answer 7

Breakdown waste thru enzymes, help with healing and inflammation as well

Question 8

what is cytoplasm ?

Answer 8

is the material within a living cell excluding the nucleus, helps maintain cellular structure

Question 9

what is contained in the cytoplasm?

Answer 9

Organelles, microtubules, and other structural proteins

Question 10

why is the nucleus important?

Answer 10

It houses genetic materal

Question 11

Where are chromosomes located in a cell?

Answer 11

Nucleolus

Question 12

function of histones?

Answer 12

they maintain DNA packaging, into chromatin fibers

Question 13

lipid bilayer Membrane functions

Answer 13

maintain structural integrity, protection, storage and facilitate communication.

Question 14

Transmembrane proteins span _____

Answer 14

across the lipid bilayer

Question 15

proteins that remain on the edge of the lipid bilayer are

Answer 15

Peripheral proteins

Question 16

what is the extracellular matrix and its role in a cell?

Answer 16

the ECM is all the connective tissues and fibers that are non living parts of the cell, but rather provide structural support.

It functions to facilitate cellular communication and tissue formation/adhesion

Question 17

define epigenetics?

Answer 17

Alteration of gene expression via environmental factors

Question 18

list 3 different methods of epigenetic modifications:

Answer 18

1. DNA methylation
2. Histone modification
3. microRNA

Question 19

Function of the nucleus?

Answer 19

Cell division and control of genetic information

Question 20

Function of cytoplasm

Answer 20

Fill in the space (cytosol) between nucleus and plasma membrane

Question 21

The 3 macromolecules that make of the ECM

Answer 21

1. Protein fibers (collagen and elastin)
2. Adhesive glycoproteins
3. proteoglycans

Question 22

What is the general role of the ECM?

Answer 22

The EC matrix helps regulate cell growth, communication, and differentiation.

Question 23

Cell membrane natural diffusion wants Na+ to go ___ and K+ to go ___

Answer 23

na+ to go in, and K+ to go out.

Question 24

Na+K+ pump channels is what type of _____transport? Why?

Answer 24

Active transport, because it requires ATP and there is also a conformation change in the transport channel

Question 25

in the Na+K+ pump, Na goes ____ and K goes ____

Answer 25

3 Na out, 2K in