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Mammals > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 9 Mammalian traits?

A

Vertebrates, warm blooded, hair on bodies, 4 chambered heart, single jaw bone, sweat glands, mammary glands, live young

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2
Q

What is the acronym for skin functions?

A

PREPS

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3
Q

What does PREPS mean?

A

Protection, Respiration, Excretion, Perception, Storage

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4
Q

The dermis is connected to epidermis via….

A

basement membrane

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5
Q

What is the dermis made up of?

A

1/5th Papillary region, 4/5 Reticular region

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6
Q

The papillary region is made up of….

A

connective tissue and elastic fibres

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7
Q

The reticular region is made up of….

A

dense connective tissue, elastin & collagen

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8
Q

What is the hypodermis?

A

Loose connective tissue

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9
Q

The main components of the hypodermis are….

A

fibroblasts, adipocytes, macrophages

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10
Q

What does adipose tissue do?

A

Fat droplets, energy reserve, insulator

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11
Q

The thickness of skin for Reptiles, Birds, Mammals?

A

Thick dry scaly, Thin lipogenic, Thick waterproof

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12
Q

Characteristics of epidermis Reptiles, Birds, Mammals?

A

Keratinous, Delicate, 4-5 layers

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13
Q

The shedding of skin is called what in Repitles, Birds and Mammals?

A

Ecdysis, Moult, Slough

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14
Q

What are the glands called in Reptiles, Birds, Mammals?

A

Femoral, Uropygial, Sebaceous Sudiferous

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15
Q

What are the main pigment cells in Reptiles, Birds, Mammals?

A

Chromatophores, Pigments, Melanophores

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16
Q

3 main types of hairs in mammals are…

A

Guard, Wool, Tactile

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17
Q

Guard hairs - characteristics?

A

Smooth outer coat

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18
Q

Wool hairs - characteristics?

A

Fine curly

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19
Q

Tactile hairs - characteristics?

A

Long and stiff

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20
Q

What oil do the hairs contain?

A

Lanolin - sebaceous glands

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21
Q

Hoofs, Claws, Nails?

A

Dense keratin, ungulates (distal phalynx)

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22
Q

Horns belong to which animals?

A

Bovines, Ovines, Caprines (Cow, sheep, goats)

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23
Q

Characteristics of horns?

A

Keratinised, nutrition affects

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24
Q

Antlers belong to which animals?

A

Cervidae (deer)

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25
Q

Characteristics of antlers?

A

Grow seasonally, velvet over bone, branched

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26
Q

Difference of a Rhino horn?

A

Center of calcium/melanin, keratin tubes, diet

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27
Q

How many different mammals are there?

A

5

28
Q

What are the different categories of mammals?

A

Carnivores, Herbivores, Omnivores, Frugivores, Insectivores

29
Q

What are the 2 types of stomachs?

A

Monogastric, Compound ruminant

30
Q

Characteristics of carnivores stomach?

A

Less salivary enzymes, acidic juices, bile, caecum small, short GIT

31
Q

Characteristics of omnivores stomach?

A

Meat/Vegetation, salivary enzymes, less acidic, longer GIT

32
Q

Characteristics of herbivores stomach?

A

Salivary enzymes, microflora breaksdown cellulose,

33
Q

Herbivores have VFA what are VFAs?

A

Volatile fatty acids

34
Q

What category is a hindgut fermenter in?

A

Herbivores

35
Q

Hindgut fermenters characteristics?

A

No ruminant stomach, long tract, enlarged caecum

36
Q

Foregut fermenters characteristics?

A

Pouches for fermentation, mastication

37
Q

Ruminant stomachs called and how many?

A

4 - Rumen, Reticulum, Omasum, Abomasum

38
Q

Nervous system structure? CNS

A

Brain, Spinal Cord

39
Q

Nervous system structure? Peripheral

A

Nerves

40
Q

What is the afferent division?

A

Sensory

41
Q

What is efferent division?

A

Motor

42
Q

How many cranial nerves are there?

A

12

43
Q

Name all cranial nerves?

A

Olfactory, Optic, Trochlear, Abducent, Oculomotor, Trigeminal, Facial, Hypoglossal, Accessory, Vagus, Glossopharyngeal, Intermediate

44
Q

What is somatosensory cortex? Output

A

Motor cortex (controls bodies right side)

45
Q

What is somatosensory cortex? Input

A

Sensory cortex (controls bodies left side)

46
Q

What is the acronym for glands?

A

AH STOMP PPP TT

47
Q

AH STOMP PPP TT - explain?

A

Adrenal, Hypothalums, Salivary, Testes, Ovaries, Mammary, Prostate, Pituitary, Pineal, Parathyroid, Thyroid, Thymus

48
Q

What are the 2 endocrine glands?

A

Salivary, Mammary

49
Q

Characteristics of endocrine glands?

A

Hormones direct in circulatory, ductless,

50
Q

What glands are in the reproductive system?

A

Testes, Ovaries, Prostate, Pituitary

51
Q

What glands are involved in stress?

A

Adrenal, Pituitary

52
Q

What glands are involved in growth?

A

Pituitary, Thyroid, Thymus

53
Q

What glands are involved in Homeostasis?

A

Pituitary, Adrenal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Pancreas, Kidneys

54
Q

What are the rods used for in eyes?

A

Night vision

55
Q

What are the cones used for in eyes?

A

Colours of light

56
Q

What is the iris for in eyes?

A

Muscular diaphragm

57
Q

What is the tapetum lucidum in eyes?

A

Behind retina, reflects light

58
Q

What is the drum called to detect sound?

A

Tympanum

59
Q

The bones in mammals ears?

A

Tympanic membrane, stapes, incus, malleus

60
Q

Bones involved in smelling?

A

Nasal septum, hard soft palate, meatus, chonchae (ethmodial), paranasal sinuses

61
Q

In cats whats the organ that is used for smelling?

A

Vomeronasal/Jacobson organ

62
Q

What is the Flehmen response?

A

Horses lift top lip

63
Q

What are the 4 receptors in touch?

A

Meissner, Ruffini, Pacinian, Merkel

64
Q

What are the receptors on the tongue called?

A

Gustatory receptors - determine flavour

65
Q

What are the tastebuds called?

A

Fungiform Papillae

66
Q

What can’t cats taste?

A

Sweet things

Mammals (2 decks)

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