Lecture 1 Flashcards
What is Compartment Syndrome?
swelling causes the intra-compartment mmHg to be greater than diastolic mmHg preventing vascular perfusion as well as compressing nerves causing irreversible damage to the tissues
How many compartments make
- Anterior compartment
- Lateral compartment
- Superficial posterior compartment
- Deep posterior compartment
What is a few orthopedic emergencies?
Compartment Syndrome
Time = ?
Tissue
What are the 5 āPās?
Pain Pallor Paresthesias Pulselessness Poikilothermia
What is the most common scenario that causes compartment syndrome?
Crush injuries
How do you diagnosis compartment syndrome?
Measuring intercompartmental pressures
What is the Gold standard treatment for compartment syndrome?
Intra-operatively
What do many need in the future for treatment of compartment syndrome?
skin grafting
What do most need in compartment syndrome surgery?
wound vac and multiple intraoperative irrigation
What do you do in a compartment syndrome emergency?
DO NOT HESTITATE to call someone
What are circumferential immobilzers?
Cast
How long should a cast be kept on?
short term
T/F Cast have higher complication rates?
True
What provides superior immobilization but are less forgiving?
Cast
What are non-circumferential immobilizers that accomodate swelling?
Splint
What is used for acute musculoskeletal conditions, acute fractures or sprains?
splint
What is used for reduced , displaced, or unstable fractures before orthopedic intervention?
Splint
What is external fixation?
method of immobilizing bones to allow a fracture to heal
Pins or screws are used for what type of fixation?
External fixation
What is known as the āexternal frameā?
clamps and rods
What are two advantages of external fixation?
- quick
- easily applied
Where does the greatest risk of infection occur in external fixation?
where the pins are inserted from the skin into the bone
What is Open Reduction Internal Fixation?
plates and screws
Anytime an incision is made, the fracture is reduced, and hardware is place (screws, wire)
Open Reduction Internal Fixation
Used to align and stabilize fractures?
Intermedullary Nail (or Rod)
What is the most significant advantages of IM rods over others?
IM rods share the load with the bone, rather than entirely support the bone
What is the benefit of using IM rods?
patients are able to use the extremity more quickly
Where is IM rods inserted into?
the bone marrow canal in the center of long bones of the extremities.
C spine
5v
Clavicle
2v
Scapula
2v
Shoulder
2v
Humerus
2v
Elbow
2v elbow + radial v
Forearm
2v
Wrist
3v
Hand
3v
Finger
3v
Thoracic spine
2v
Lumbar spine
2v
Hip
2v
Knee
2v
Tib Fib
2v
Ankle
3v
Foot
3v
Toes
3v
Cast
circumferential immobilizers
What are casts used for?
Complex and/ or definitive fracture managment
Excessive use of a cast can cause?
chronic pain, joint stiffness, muscle atrophy, or more severe complications
Splint
non-circumferential immobilizers
What are splints used for?
acute musculoskeletal conditions in which swelling is anticipated
Excessive use of a splint can cause/
chronic pain, joint stiffness, muscle atrophy, or more severe complications
How is external fixation done?
placing pins or screws into the bone on both sides of the fracture
Plates and screws
Open Reduction Internal Fixation
Nail or rod
Intermedullary Nail
How is IM done?
rods are inserted into the bone marrow canal in the center of the long bones of the bone marrow
What fixation allows the pt to use the extremity quickly?
Intermedullary Nail
What view must be obtained of the shoulder to determine anterior from posterior dislocation?
axillary view
