Lecture 1 Flashcards
Hallmarks of Cancer
- Evading Growth Suppressors
- Activating invasion and metastasis
- Avoiding immune Destruction
- Enabling replicative immortality
- Genome Instability and mutation
- Inducing Angiogenesis
- Resisting cell death
- Sustaining proliferative signalling
2 underpinning Charateristics
- Ability to avoid immune destruction and genomic instability
- Drive all the other hall marks
Why is cancer and “evolutionary disease”?
Cells evolve and compete with other cells- evolution of the “nastiest”
Major risk factor
AGE
Cancer prevalence/risk
Increase in cancer because more old people around to get it
Different risk and dependent on countries
Log incidence vs log age
Linear
Prostate, Colon and breast env or genetics ?
Environmental - Migration japan to hawaii
- major disease risk environmental
P(C1)
The probability of a change associated with cancer
- The chance that will have happened goes up with age.
If severall changes needed (n) before a tumour (T) develops what is the probability of all relevant changes:
LogP(T) = nlogA + constant
Log incidence
Log incidence = nLog A + constant
- slope n is the number of changes to produce a tumour
If P(T)=
Tumour incidence
Whatever the changes, what is the number that has to occur ??
6
susceptibility
Can run in familial genetics e.g -RB -Breast -Colon -wilms tumour- kidney Implies- tumour suppressor genes
What did percival pott establish ?.
Chimney Sweeps act - Scrotal cancer high incidence
What did John Hill do ?
identified correlation between snuff and nasopharyngeal cancer
