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EKG 1 > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

sinus node BPM

A

60-100

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2
Q

atrial BPM

A

60-80

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3
Q

AV junction BPM

A

40-60

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4
Q

Ventricles BMP

A

20-40

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5
Q

Placement of RA, LA, RL, LL, and V1 electrodes

A
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6
Q

Placement of Chest Leads (V1-6)

A
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7
Q

what does the P wave represent

A

SA node - rapidly spreads through RA to AV node. Also spreads through atrial muscle directly form RA to LA

-Atrial depolarization

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8
Q

what does the Q wave represent

A

1st area of ventricular muscle to be activated is the interventricular septum, which activates from L to R

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9
Q

what does the R wave represent

A

L and R ventricular muscle walls get activated, w/ the endocardial surface being activated before epicardial surface

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10
Q

what does the S wave represent

A

a few small areas of ventricles are activated at late stage

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11
Q

what does the T wave represent

A

ventricular muscle repolarizes

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12
Q

what does the U wave represent

A

after-potentials of ventricular muscle and repolarization of purkinje fibers

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13
Q

Causes of left axis deviation

A
  • normal variant (diaphragm elevation)
  • left ventricular enlargement
  • inferior myocardial infarction
  • right sided tension pneumothorax
  • ventricular pacemaker
  • left anterior hemiblock
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14
Q

right axis deviation causes

A
  • normal variant (children)
  • right ventricular enlargement
  • lateral myocardial infarction
  • left-sided tension pneumothorax
  • pulmonary emboism
  • left posterior hemiblock
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15
Q

degrees for normal cardiac axis

A

0-90

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16
Q

left axis deviation degrees

A

0- -90

17
Q

right axis deviation degrees

A

-90 - +90

18
Q

definition of sinus bradycardia

A

<60 bpm

19
Q

definition of sinus tachycardia

A

>100 bpm

20
Q

criteria to be sinus rhythm

A
  • P wave before each QRS
  • Normal P waves should be upright in leads I, II, and inverted in aVR
  • Normal sinus rhythm = impulses originate at SA node at normal rate
21
Q

sinus arrhythmia

A
  • all complexes normal, rhythm is irregular
  • Longest R-R interval exceeds shortest > 0.16s
  • normal
  • R to R progressively lengthens with expiration and then shortens with inspiration
22
Q

PR interval

A
  • should be 0.12-0.2 seconds
  • 3-5 small boxes
  • measured from beginning of P wave to beginning of QRS complex
  • represents time taken for stimulus to spread through the atria and pass through the AV junction
23
Q

QRS complex

A
  • 0.08 - 0.12 seconds
  • 2-3 small boxes
  • measured from beginning of Q wave to the end of the S wave
  • represents time taken for stimulus to spread through the ventricles
24
Q

QT interval

A
  • ventricular depolarization and repolarization
  • normal range: <440 in males, <460ms in females
  • >350 ms
  • pathologic, fatal arrhythmias
25
Q

QTc

A
  • corrected for rate when rhythm is irregular
  • QT interval/R-R interval

EKG 1 (3 decks)

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