Lecture 1 Flashcards
(26 cards)
What are the 5 general aspects required by a successful immune system?
Tolerance Specificity Recognition (of microbes and self) Destructive power (tumors, microbes) Memory
Name three examples of BARRIER defence of the innate immune system.
Strong adhesion between barrier cells of epithelium
Trapping of pathogens by mucous membranes
Rapid turnover of barrier cells helps remove pathogens they have caught
Name three examples of SECRETION defences of the innate immune system.
Sebum (low pH) is antibacterial
Lysozymes in tears targets peptidoglycans
Cationic cryptidins and defensins produced by epithelial cells
Name three examples of non-specific inflammatory mediators released by phagocytes of the innate immune system.
Prostaglandin
Leukotriene B4
Platelet activating factor
What are the 3 main functions of phagocytic cells?
Trap/engulf and destroy pathogens
Secrete cytokines
Process and present antigen
Name 5 key PAMPs
Any of:
- LPS
- bacterial lipoproteins & lipopeptides
- porins (gram neg cell wall)
- peptidoglycan
- lipoteichoic acids (gram pos cell wall)
- flagellin
- N-formylmethionine
- zymosan (yeast cell wall)
- dsRNA
- ssRNA (viral)
Name 3 key ENDOCYTIC PRRs of the cell surface.
Any of:
- mannose receptors
- bacterial scavenger receptors
- N-formylmethionine receptors
- opsonin receptors
Name 5 key SIGNALING PRRs of the cell surface.
Any of:
- TLR1/TLR2 pair
- TLR 2
- TLR 4
- TLR 5
- TLR2/TLR6 pair
What do bacterial scavenger receptors recognise?
LPS, peptidoglycan and teichoic acids of the bacterial cell wall
How do opsonin receptors work?
One part of the receptor binds the PAMP and another part binds a receptor on the phagocytic cell. The connection stimulates phagocytosis of the microbe.
What are three examples of opsonin receptors?
Acute phase proteins
Complement proteins
Antibodies’ Fc receptor
Name 2 things TLR 2 can recognise?
Any of:
Peptidoglycan, bacterial lipoproteins, lipotechoic acid, porins
Name 2 things TLR 4 can recognise?
Any of:
LPS, fungal mannan, heat-shock proteins, viral envelope proteins, parasitic phospholipids
Which PRR recognises flagellin?
TLR 5
What are the four ENDOSOMAL PRRs?
TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9
What does TLR 3 recognise?
viral dsRNA
What does TLR 7 recognise?
viral ssRNA
What does TLR 8 recognise?
viral ssRNA
What does TLR 9 recognise?
CpG DNA (bacterial)
What are the two types of cytosolic PRRs?
NOD-like receptors
RIG-like receptors (RLRs)
What do NOD-like receptors recognise?
Peptidoglycans
What do NOD-like receptors regulate?
Initiate pro-inflammatory pathways via NFkB signaling
What do RLRs recognise?
viral ssRNA and dsRNA
What do RLRs regulate?
NFkB signalling and also interferon release
