Lecture 1 Flashcards

(26 cards)

1
Q

What are the 5 general aspects required by a successful immune system?

A
Tolerance
Specificity
Recognition (of microbes and self)
Destructive power (tumors, microbes)
Memory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name three examples of BARRIER defence of the innate immune system.

A

Strong adhesion between barrier cells of epithelium

Trapping of pathogens by mucous membranes

Rapid turnover of barrier cells helps remove pathogens they have caught

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name three examples of SECRETION defences of the innate immune system.

A

Sebum (low pH) is antibacterial

Lysozymes in tears targets peptidoglycans

Cationic cryptidins and defensins produced by epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name three examples of non-specific inflammatory mediators released by phagocytes of the innate immune system.

A

Prostaglandin

Leukotriene B4

Platelet activating factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 3 main functions of phagocytic cells?

A

Trap/engulf and destroy pathogens
Secrete cytokines
Process and present antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name 5 key PAMPs

A

Any of:

  • LPS
  • bacterial lipoproteins & lipopeptides
  • porins (gram neg cell wall)
  • peptidoglycan
  • lipoteichoic acids (gram pos cell wall)
  • flagellin
  • N-formylmethionine
  • zymosan (yeast cell wall)
  • dsRNA
  • ssRNA (viral)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name 3 key ENDOCYTIC PRRs of the cell surface.

A

Any of:

  • mannose receptors
  • bacterial scavenger receptors
  • N-formylmethionine receptors
  • opsonin receptors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name 5 key SIGNALING PRRs of the cell surface.

A

Any of:

  • TLR1/TLR2 pair
  • TLR 2
  • TLR 4
  • TLR 5
  • TLR2/TLR6 pair
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do bacterial scavenger receptors recognise?

A

LPS, peptidoglycan and teichoic acids of the bacterial cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do opsonin receptors work?

A

One part of the receptor binds the PAMP and another part binds a receptor on the phagocytic cell. The connection stimulates phagocytosis of the microbe.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are three examples of opsonin receptors?

A

Acute phase proteins
Complement proteins
Antibodies’ Fc receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name 2 things TLR 2 can recognise?

A

Any of:

Peptidoglycan, bacterial lipoproteins, lipotechoic acid, porins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name 2 things TLR 4 can recognise?

A

Any of:

LPS, fungal mannan, heat-shock proteins, viral envelope proteins, parasitic phospholipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which PRR recognises flagellin?

A

TLR 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the four ENDOSOMAL PRRs?

A

TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does TLR 3 recognise?

17
Q

What does TLR 7 recognise?

18
Q

What does TLR 8 recognise?

19
Q

What does TLR 9 recognise?

A

CpG DNA (bacterial)

20
Q

What are the two types of cytosolic PRRs?

A

NOD-like receptors

RIG-like receptors (RLRs)

21
Q

What do NOD-like receptors recognise?

A

Peptidoglycans

22
Q

What do NOD-like receptors regulate?

A

Initiate pro-inflammatory pathways via NFkB signaling

23
Q

What do RLRs recognise?

A

viral ssRNA and dsRNA

24
Q

What do RLRs regulate?

A

NFkB signalling and also interferon release

25
What are some targets for damage recognition receptors?
Mitochondrial DNA, heat shock proteins, adenosine metabolites
26
What does an NK cell require to initiate killing of a cell?
Presence of an activating ligand | Absence of an inhibiting ligand