Lecture 1

Question 1

Microbes first observes

Answer 1

1670s

Question 2

Louise pasture’s discoveries

Answer 2

Fermentation-1848

Disprove Spontaneous generation-1865

Question 3

Robert Koch’s discoveries

Answer 3

Anthrax- 1877
Tuberculosis- 1882
Cholera-1883

Question 4

Koch’s postulates:

Answer 4

P1. Bacteria isolated from infection site w/ symptoms
P2. Isolated bacteria grown in pure culture
P3. Isolated Must reproduce disease in human or animal host
P4. Original bacteria must be isolated from infected host

Question 5

Proposed 5th postulate?

Answer 5

-characterization of the causative bacterium should allow development of effective preventative or therapeutic measures.

Question 6

Limitationa to Koch’s postulates

Answer 6

P1. Carrier state, host susceptible (van colonize w/o disease)
P2. Some bacteria hard to culture eg. Treponema pallidrum
P3. May not be able to find suitable Amina’s model, ethics with humans

• w/ microbiota shift:
• multiple organisms
• restorative 5th postulate may be helpful

Question 7

3 human-bacteria interaction views

Answer 7

1. Microbes evolved to infect humans
2. Bacteria desires peaceful coexistence
3. Bacteria never wanted to infect humans, occurs by accident

Question 8

Biophotonic imaging

Answer 8

Bacterial luciferace, operon allowed bacteria to emit light

• few animals needed
• light emission picked up to see where bacteria is

Question 9

Competition assay:

Answer 9

Shows what her the mutation has an effect on infection process
-only one animal… bacteria in same environment
-CI= (CFU mutants/CFUwt)/[(CFU mutants/CFUwt)input]
<1 wt outcompeted mutant

Question 10

Models:

Answer 10

Human
Animal
Tissue-culture
Organ culture

Question 11

Limitations of tissue culture

Answer 11

Tumour derived
Unregulated growth
Not all cells of some origins are same (mutations)
Distribution or surface Ag may differ
No mucus

Question 12

Organ culture

Answer 12

-best after animal

Some tissue hard to get