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BMS 460 > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

3 divisions of hypaxial muscles

A
  • body wall muscles: between celom and skin
  • limb muscles
  • Prevertebral muscles (neck)
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2
Q

Body wall muscles (lateral)

A

Neck: scalenes
Thorax: external intercostals, internal intercostals, “scattered deep bits”
Abdomen: external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominus

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3
Q

Body wall muscles (anterior)

A

Neck: rectus cervicis muscles
Thorax: none
Abdomen: rectus abdominus, pyramidalis

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4
Q

External intercostal muscles

A
  • Most external muscle of body wall

- deficient anteriorly, made up of fascia and called the external intercostal membrane

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5
Q

Internal thoracic muscles

A
  • deep to external intercostal muscles
  • deficient posteriorly
  • fascia is called internal intercostal membrane
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6
Q

Scattered deep bits

A
  • posterior: subcostal muscle fibers span to intercostal spaces
  • laterally: innermost intercostal muscles
  • anterior: transverse thoracis- spans several spaces from the ribs to the sternum
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7
Q

Deepest layers of thorax (muscle and connective tissue)

A
  • scattered deep bits
  • loose connective tissue: endothoracic fascia
  • parietal pleura
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8
Q

VAN

- superficial to scattered deep bits

A

Vein: posterior intercostal vein
Artery: posterior intercostal artery (comes of aorta)
Nerve: intercostal nerve–> thoracic ventral rami

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9
Q

How many intercostal nerves are there?

A

11

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10
Q

Intercostal nerves span from….

A

T1-T11

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11
Q

What happens to T12?

A

Subcostal nerve

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12
Q

Sympathetic trunk

A

White rami communicans–>sympathetic trunk–>

Input: T1- L2 through white rami

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13
Q

Posterior intercostal artery

A
  • 11 of them
  • Intercostal spaces 3-11
  • comes off the aorta
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14
Q

Internal thoracic artery

A

Gives off anterior intercostal artery (1-6)

  • anterior intercostal artery branches into: (after 6th intercostal space)
    • superior epigastric artery
    • musculophrenic artery (7,8,9)
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15
Q

Anastemosis in thorax

A
  • Posterior intercostal artery and anterior intercostal artery
  • Superior epigastric artery and inferior epigastric artery
    • with in rectus abdominus
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16
Q

Autonomics

– motor only to…

A

Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
Glands

17
Q

Common features of autonomics

A

2 neuron chain from CNS to target

Neuron in CNS—-(passes thru PNS)—goes to ganglion— target

18
Q

Parasympathetics

A

Thorax: vagus- ganglion in walls of target
Abdomen: vagus- left colic flexure
– below LCF and pelvis: S2, S3, S4- pelvic splanchnic nerves
Only parasympathetic in the perineum is erectile tissue of the clitoris and penis

19
Q

Autonomics of T1-T5

A

Lateral horn- preganglionic sympathetics

    • goes to sympathetic trunk and then to sympathetic ganglion
  • -To white ramus communicans
  • -Then to cardiac nerve (post ganglionic)
  • -to target: thoracic viscera
20
Q

What are the different parts of the mediastinum in the thoracic cavity

A 
Superior mediastinum
Inferior mediastinum
-anterior mediastinum 
-posterior mediastinum
- middle mediastinum
21
Q

Where is the mediastinum located and what does it contain?

A

Region between pleural sacs

Contains all structures in thoracic cavity except lungs

22
Q

Superior mediastinum

  • where is it located (inferior and superior limits)
  • what it contains
A
  • inferior limit: plane from sternal angle to inferior lip of body of T4
  • superior limit is thoracic inlet (body of t1, 1st ribs and manubrium)
  • contains remnants of thymus gland, brachiocephalic veins, superior vena cava, aortic arch and branches, lower trachea, phrenic nerves, vagus nerves, left recurrent laryngeal nerve, thoracic duct
23
Q

Inferior mediastinum

  • anterior mediastinum
  • –where is it located and what does it contain
A

Smallest part
Anterior limit: sternum
Posterior limit: anterior surface of fibrous pericardial sac
Contains: fat, sternopericardial ligaments, internal thoracic artery and vein, lymph nodes

24
Q

Posterior mediastinum

  • where is it located
  • what does it contain
A

Posterior limit is vertebral bodies T4-T12
Anterior limit is posterior surface of fibrous pericardial sac
Contains: esophagus, vagus nn, thoracic duct, azygous venous system, thoracic aorta, sympathetic trunk, splanchnic nn, lymph nodes

25
Q

What arches form the internal carotid artery?

A

Dorsal aorta-both sides

Arch 3

26
Q

What makes up the external carotid artery

A

The paired ventral aorta

27
Q

Right subclavian artery

A

Arch 4 on right side, dorsal aorta (right)

28
Q

Pulmonary aorta

A

Trunk of 7th intersegmental artery

29
Q

Systemic aorta

A

The aorta
Left fourth arch
Ventral aorta
Dorsal aorta (left)

30
Q

Left subclavian artery

A

7th intersegmental artery

BMS 460 (1 decks)

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