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305 > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the average blood volume of an individual?

A

~5L

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2
Q

What percentage of blood does serum/plasma take up?

A

~60%

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3
Q

Difference between serum and plasma

A

Plasma is whats leftover if take out clotting factors

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4
Q

What % does RBC’s/erythrocytes make up in blood?

A

~40%

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5
Q

What % does WBCs or leukocytes make up?

A

Less than 5%

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6
Q

What % does platelets/thrombocytes make up?

A

Less than 1%

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7
Q

What is the buffy coat

A

WBCs & platelets

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8
Q

How to calculate the hematocrit?

A

Height of RBC’s divided by total height

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9
Q

What is the usual hematocrit?

A

40-45%.

What % RBC takes up.

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10
Q

6 main plasma constituents?

A

H2O (92% w/v), electrolytes, nutrients, proteins (7% w/v), waste, gasses

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11
Q

What percentage of new cells produced are leukocytes? What is the lifespan of leukocytes

A
  • 75% cells produced

- hours-days

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12
Q

What percentage of new cells produced are erythrocytes? What is the lifespan of RBCs?

A
  • 20-25% cells produced

- 90-120 days

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13
Q

______ regulate hematopoiesis

A

Cytokines

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14
Q

What cytokine regulates leukocytes?

A

Colony stimulating factors

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15
Q

What cytokine regulates erythrocytes?

A

Erythropoeitin

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16
Q

What cytokine regulates platelets?

A

Thrombopoeitin

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17
Q

Do reticulocytes still have a nucleus

A

Yes

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18
Q

When young, what bones are RBCs produced from

A

Red marrow from ALL bones

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19
Q

When older, what bones are RBCs produced from

A

Red marrow from proximal ends of long bones, pelvis,

20
Q

Main role of RBCs?

A

O2 transport

21
Q

What protein is required for O2 transport for RBCs

A

Hb

22
Q

What is required for Hb production?

A

Iron, B12, folic acid

23
Q

Hb has __ globin subunits

A

4

24
Q

Each Hb subunit has a ___ group

A

Heme

25
Q

Each heme groups contains ___ to which oxygen binds

A

Iron

26
Q

Hb binds ___ oxygen molecules

A

4

27
Q

Is Hb-oxygen binding co-operative or noncooperative

A

Co-operative (binding of one oxygen molecules facilitates binding of another)

28
Q

Where are antigens (implicated in transfusion/rejection) located?

A

RBC surface

29
Q

Draw the oxygen dissociation curve of hemoglobin. Also show left and right shifts and what they imply

A

-

30
Q

What is the pO2 in capillaries of active muscle?

A

~21 mm Hg

31
Q

What is the pO2 in alveoli of lungs

A

100 mm Hg

32
Q

RBC hematocrit common characteristics

A
  • lower in women than men
  • higher at altitude
  • higher in athletes
33
Q

RBC hematocrit is regulated by

A
  • oxygen (via EPO)
  • nutritional status
  • menstruation/hemorrhage
  • hormones
  • vitamin b12 complex
  • folic acid
34
Q

What is anemia

A

insufficient Hb

35
Q

4 diff types of anemia?

A
  • Hypochromic (low Hb in RBCs, Fe deficiency)
  • Megaloblastic (pernicious and non-pernicious; larger cells)
  • Hemolytic (fragile RBCs e.g. sickle cell)
  • Aplastic (low RBC production e.g. chemotherapy)
36
Q

Characteristics of people with high hematocrit?

A
  • high hematocrit = high percentage of RBCs
  • blood is thicker and more sluggish
  • more at risk for stroke
37
Q

Role of platelets

A

Blood clotting

38
Q

Compare normal vs. damaged cell

A

In a normal cell, platelets are kept soluble by prostacyclin .

In a damaged cell, we have an injury to endothelial cells. Exposed collagen binds and activates platelets. Prostacyclin production is reduced and platelets begin to aggregate. Causes vasoconstriction, reducing blood flow to this area. Thromboxane is target for aspirin (a blood thinner),

39
Q

Steps in clotting cascade?

A

Factors I-XIII -> Prothrombin -> Thrombin -> Fibrinogen -> Fibrin

40
Q

What does PMNs stand for

A

Polymorphonuclear granulocytes

41
Q

What does PMNs consist of

A
  • neutrophils
  • eosinophils
  • basophils
42
Q

Fxn of neutrophils and what % of WBCs?

A

NEUTRalize foreign substances

- make up 50-70% of WBCs

43
Q

Fxn of eosinophils and what % of WBCs?

A
  • destroy invading parasites and cells

- 1-3% of WBCs

44
Q

Fxn of basophils and what % of WBCs?

A

Form mast cells, release histamine, mediate allergic response and inflammation

45
Q

Fxn of monocytes and what % of WBCs?

A
  • Differentiate into macrophages (big eaters that ingest invaders)
  • antigen presenting
46
Q

4 types of lymphocytes

A
  • B cells
  • T cells
  • natural killer cells

305 (2 decks)

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