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Biosci 349 > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 main places that bacteria are found in humans?

A

Skin, Teeth, Gut, Vagina

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2
Q

What bacteria are commonly found on the skin?

A

Staphylococcus spp, Streptococcus spp, Corynebacertium spp

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3
Q

What bacteria are commonly found on the teeth?

A

Streptococcus sanguis, S.mutans

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4
Q

How many species of bacteria are there in the gut and what do they do?

A

Over 500, they aid digestion, providing vitamins K and B12 and crowd out harmful bacteria

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5
Q

What bacteria are found in the vagina and what do they do?

A

Bacteria from the lactobacillus family, these typically secrete lactic acid protecting from invaders such as candida albicans

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6
Q

What type of viruses remain in the human body?

A

Latent viruses and fossil viruses

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7
Q

What is a latent virus?

A

A viral infection that persists by remaining hidden in cells, and occasionally has symptoms reappear

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8
Q

What is a fossil virus?

A

An ancient virus that has become integrated into the human genome, approximately 1/12 of the humane genome is made up of fossil viruses

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9
Q

What are the 4 steps in Koch’s proof of germ theory?

A

The microorganism can ONLY be found in diseased organisms
The microorganism must be separated and cultured
The cultured microorganism must cause disease when injected into a host
the microorganism must the be able to be isolated from this host

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10
Q

What is symbiosis?

A

When two organisms live together in close association

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11
Q

What is Mutualism?

A

When a relationship is beneficial to both organisms

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12
Q

What is Neutralism?

A

Neither organism is affected by the relationship

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13
Q

What is commensalism?

A

When the relationship is only beneficial to one species

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14
Q

What is synergism?

A

when two or more microorganisms work together to cause disease

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15
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

A microorganism which causes disease

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16
Q

What is an opportunistic pathogen?

A

A microorganism which can cause disease in those with compromised immune systems

17
Q

What are the 4 periods of illness?

A

Incubation. Prodromal, Illness, Convalescent

18
Q

What is the incubation period of illness?

A

The time between infection and symptoms

19
Q

What is the prodromal period?

A

The time where patient feels unwell but symptoms are not experienced

20
Q

What is the Illness period?

A

The time in which symptoms are experienced

21
Q

What is the Convalescent period?

A

The time in which a patient recovers

22
Q

What re the 4 types of carriers of disease?

A

Passive, Incubatory, Convalescent, Active

23
Q

What is a passive carrier?

A

A person who has the pathogen but has never had symptoms

24
Q

What is an incubatory carrier?

A

A carrier going through the incubation phase

25
Q

What is a convalescent carrier?

A

A carrier going through the convalescent phase

26
Q

What is an active carrier?

A

A person who has fully recovered from the disease but still carries the pathogen

27
Q

What are the 6 types of infection?

A

Localised, Systemic, Acute, Chronic, Latent, Secondary

28
Q

What is a localised infection

A

An infection that is contained at the infection site

29
Q

What is a systemic infection

A

When the pathogen spreads throughout the body

30
Q

What is an acute infection?

A

An infection with rapid onset and recovery

31
Q

What is a chronic infection?

A

An infection with slow onset and slow recovery

32
Q

What is a latent infection?

A

When the pathogen is not completely eradicated and has the potential to cause future symptoms

33
Q

What is a secondary infection?

A

disease that follows primary infection

34
Q

What is the key difference between microbial intoxication and infectious disease?

A

Infectious disease is caused by a pathogen and microbial intoxication is caused by a toxin produced by a microbe and ingested by a person

35
Q

What are the steps in pathogensis of infectious disease?

A

entry, attachment, multiplication, spread, evasion of immune system, damage it host tissue

36
Q

What are the 6 virulence factors?

A 
Promote attachment to host cells
Help bacteria to enter host cell
Damage host cell/tissue
Help bacteria to spread from local infections
Over stimulate immune response
Mediate immune invasion
37
Q

What are the 7 immune evasion factors of bacteria?

A 
Capsules (to prevent oponisation and phagocytosis)
Destruction of phagocytes
Inhibition of phagocyte chemotaxis
Inhibition of phagocytosis
Destruction of complement factors
Destruction of immunoglobulins
Intracellular replication

Biosci 349 (18 decks)

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