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Cardio Anatomy Lecture 1 > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

Basic internal and external features of heart, characteristics of each chamber

1
Q

What are the characteristics of the right atrium?

A

Forms right border of the heart. Receives blood from 3 veins: superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and coronary sinus. Smooth posterior wall, anterior wall rough with pectinate muscles which extend into auricle. Blood passes from RA to RV via tricuspid/right atrioventricular valve.

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of the left atrium?

A

Forms the base of the heart, same thickness as right atrium. Receives blood from lungs through 4 pulmonary veins. Has smooth posterior and anterior wall, pectinate muscles in auricle only. Blood passes from left atrium to left ventricle via bicuspid/mitral valve.

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3
Q

Which valve does blood pass through to go from the left atrium to the left ventricle?

A

Mitral/bicuspid valve

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4
Q

What are the characteristics of the right ventricle?

A

Forms most of the anterior surface of heart. Inside walls contain ridges called trabeculae carneae.

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5
Q

Tricuspid valve/right atrioventricular valve characteristics

A

Between RA and RV. Consists of 3 cusps composed of dense connective tissue covered by endocardium. Connected to chordae tendineae which are connected to papillary muscles.

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6
Q

Papillary muscles are

A

cone shaped trabeculae carneae

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7
Q

RV separated from LV by partition called

A

interventricular septum

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8
Q

Blood flows from RV through the

A

pulmonary semilunar valve into pulmonary trunk, which divided into left and right pulmonary arteries which take blood away from heart.

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of the left ventricle?

A

thickest chamber, forms apex of heart. Has trabeculae carneae on walls and chordae tendineae anchoring cusps of bicuspid valve to pap muscles. Blood goes from LV through aortic semilunar valve to ascending aorta, to coronary arteries which supply blood to heart wall and rest goes to arch of aorta and descending aorta, branches of which take blood to rest of body.

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10
Q

During fetal life, ductus arteriosus shunts blood from

A

pulmonary trunk into aorta, reduced blood flow in not working fetal lungs

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11
Q

Ligamentum arteriosum

A

remnant or ductus arteriosus which connects arch of aorta to pulmonary trunk

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12
Q

Prominent feature of interatrial septum

A

oval depression called fossa ovalis

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13
Q

Fossa ovalis, remnant of

A

foramen ovale, opening in interatrial septum of fetal heart closes soon after birth.

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14
Q

coronary sulcus

A

marks external boundary between superior atria and inferior ventricles

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15
Q

anterior interventricular sulcus

A

shallow groove on anterior surface of heart marking external boundary between right and left ventricles

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16
Q

Posterior interventricular sulcus

A

continuous with anterior; marks external boundary between ventricles on Posterior aspect

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17
Q

Heart is directed

A

anterior, inferior and to the left

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18
Q

Base of heart is

A

its posterior surface

19
Q

pericardium function

A

Membrane that surrounds and protects the heart. Confines heart to position in mediastinum, allows enough freedom for vigorous and rapid contraction.

20
Q

Main parts of pericardium

A

Fibrous pericardium and serous pericardium.

21
Q

Order of pericardium from outside in

A

Fibrous pericardium, parietal layer of serous pericardium, pericardial cavity, visceral layer of serous pericardium/epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

22
Q

Pericardial fluid

A

reduces friction between layers of serous pericardium as heart moves. In pericardial cavity. Secreted by pericardial cells.

23
Q

fibrous pericardium

A

Composed of tough, inelastic, dense irregular connective tissue. Prevents overstretching of heart, provides protection, anchors heart in mediastinum.

24
Q

Layers of the heart wall

A

epicardium, myocardium and endocardium.

25
Q

Fibrous skeleton of heart

A

dense connective tissue, surrounds valves of heart, fuse with each other and merge with interventricular septum.

26
Q

Peak pressure in RA

A

5 mmHg

27
Q

Peak pressure in RV

A

27 mmHg

28
Q

Peak pressure in LA

A

8 mmHg

29
Q

Peak pressure in LV

A

120 mmHg

30
Q

Improvements in heart

A
  1. atrium is reservoir upstream of pump. 2. Inlet and outlet valve of pump close together, walls of chamber can shorten in length and width. 3. Auricle increases capacity of atrium.
31
Q

Fibrous skeleton of heart functions

A
  1. Form structural foundation for heart valves 2. Prevent overstretching of valves 3.Point of insertion for bundles of cardiac muscle fibres 4. electrical insulator between atria and ventricles.
32
Q

Fibrous skeleton of the heart has complete rings around

A

mitral valve and aortic semilunar valve.

33
Q

Fibrous skeleton of the heart has no ring around the

A

pulmonary semilunar valve

34
Q

Fibrous skeleton of heart has incomplete ring around

A

tricuspid valve.

35
Q

Conduction system of heart. AP conduction order

A
  1. S.A. node spontaneously depolarises, AP goes to atria via gap junctions 2. AP reaches AV node 3. AP propagates to AV bundle/bundle of His ONLY SITE APS CAN CONDUCT FROM ATRIA TO VENTRICLES - fibrous skeleton insulates everywhere else. 4. AP enters right and left bundle branches 5. Purkinje fibres rapidly propagate AP to rest of ventricular myocardium leading to ventricular ejection
36
Q

Speed of SA node through atrial muscle

A

0.5 m/s slow

37
Q

Speed of AP through AV node

A

0.05 m/s very slow

38
Q

Speed of AP through AV bundle through to Purkinje fibres

A

5 m/s fast

39
Q

Result of SA node through atrial muscle AP conduction

A

atrial contraction

40
Q

Result of AP moving through AP node

A

100 millisecond delay

41
Q

Results of AP moving through AV bundle through to Purkinje stores

A

even ventricular ejection = systole

42
Q

What part of conduction system is “in” the fibrous skeleton?

A

AV node

43
Q

Rank speed of conduction from fastest to slowest for the S.A. node, AV node and Purkinje fibres

A

Purkinje fibres, SA Node, AV node

44
Q

Why heart does not require nervous impulse to beat

A

S.A. node repolarises and depolarises on own (spontaneously

Cardio Anatomy Lecture 1 (1 decks)

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