Lecture 1

Question 1

what are nociceptors, and what are the two types?

Answer 1

nociceptors are mediators of pain detection, and consist of A delta fibers and C fibers

Question 2

pain provides a ___ function

Answer 2

protective

Question 3

what are the two characteristic types of pain?

Answer 3

acute pain and chronic pain

Question 4

the following describes what type of pain?

sudden onset, short duration, known origin, exaggerated response, manageable

Answer 4

acute pain

Question 5

the following are characteristics of what type of pain?

slow onset, long duration, origin difficult to identify, dull response, hard to manage

Answer 5

chronic pain

Question 6

what are the two classes of pain?

Answer 6

physical and psychological

Question 7

in dentistry, pain influences the decisions of ___ and ___

Answer 7

the operator (dentist) and patient

Question 8

how does pain influence operator decisions?

Answer 8

manage vs eliminate

prevention

Question 9

how does pain influence patient decisions?

Answer 9

“how can i get rid of this pain as quickly as possible without experiencing more pain?”

Question 10

___ is the foundation of pain control in dentistry

Answer 10

local anesthesia

Question 11

what are the 5 goals of physical and psychological evaluation in patient assessment?

Answer 11

1. physically tolerable
2. physiologically tolerable
3. psychosedation necessary?
4. sedation?
5. contraindications

Question 12

in patient assessment, what 3 things does the physical evaluation include?

Answer 12

medical history questionnaire, physical examination, and dialogue history (patient interview)

Question 13

describe the medical history questionnaire

Answer 13

• contains subjective information about the patients health (as the patient sees it)
• morally and legally necessary
• “short form”
• updated regularly

Question 14

describe the physical examination

Answer 14

• objective information that is measurable (as the doctor sees it)
• vital signs and visual inspection

Question 15

describe the patient interview (dialogue history)

Answer 15

• ask follow up questions
• this is the place to catch missing items

Question 16

describe the ASA class I patient

Answer 16

• healthy patient, non-smoker, younger than 60, tolerates stress well
• elective care ok

Question 17

describe the ASA class II patient

Answer 17

• mild systemic disease, healthy patient with dental phobia, healthy 60+, slightly out of breath climbing stairs
• elective care ok with some modifications

Question 18

describe the ASA class III patient

Answer 18

• moderate systemic disease, limits activity, stops between stairs to rest
• increased risk of complications during elective care, elective care still ok with modifications or medical consult

Question 19

describe the ASA class IV patient

Answer 19

• severe systemic disease, incapacitating, constant threat to life
• risk is too high for elective care

Question 20

describe the ASA class V patient

Answer 20

• moribund patient, not expected to survive next 24 hours with or without operation

Question 21

describe the ASA class VI patient

Answer 21

• brain dead patient whose organs are being harvested