Lecture 1 Flashcards
Are a group of conditions with onset in the developmental period.
These disorders typically manifest early in development, often before the child enters grade school, and are characterized by developmental deficits that produce impairments of personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning.
The range of developmental deficits varies from very specific limitations of learning or control of executive functions to global impairments of social skills or intelligence
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by significantly impaired intellectual and adaptive functioning
Intellectual Disabilities
An intellectual disability characterized by significant limitations in both adaptive behavior and intellectual functioning during the developmental period or before 18 years of age, replacing and improving upon the older term of “mental retardatio
Intellectual Disability or Intellectual Developmental Disorder (ID)
An intellectual disability characterized by intellectual and adaptive impairment in children <5 years old, based on failure to meet expected developmental milestones in several areas of intellectual functioning
Global Developmental Delay(GDD)
Group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by persistent deficits in language, speech, and overall communication
Communication Disorders
Communication disorder characterized by persistent difficulties in the acquisition and use of language due to deficits in the comprehension or production of vocabulary, sentence structure, and discourse.
Language Disorder
Communication disorder characterized by persistent difficulty with speech sound production that interferes with speech intelligibility or prevents verbal communication of messages
Speech Sound Disorder
Communication disorder characterized by a disturbance in the normal fluency and time patterning of speech that is inappropriate for the individual’s age, that is distinguished by frequent repetitions or prolongations of sounds or syllables and by other types of speech dysfluencies, including broken words, audible or silent blocking, circumlocutions, words produced with an excess of physical tension, and monosyllabic whole-word repetitions.
Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering)
Communication disorder that is characterized by a primary difficulty with pragmatics (the social use of language and communication) as manifested by deficits in understanding and following social rules of verbal and nonverbal communication in the following naturalistic contexts: 1) changing language according to the needs of the listener or situation and 2) following rules for conversations and storytelling.
Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder
Biologically based neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in two major domains:
• Deficits in social communication and social interaction
• Restricted repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, and activities
ASD encompasses disorders previously known as:
• Autistic disorder (classic autism, infantile autism, childhood autism, or Kanner’s autism)
• Childhood disintegrative disorder • Pervasive developmental disorder
• Asperger disorder (also known as Asperger syndrome
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
Neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairing levels of inattention, disorganization, and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity
• Inattention and disorganization entail inability to stay on task, seeming not to listen, and losing materials, at levels that are inconsistent with age or developmental level
• Hyperactivity-impulsivity entails overactivity, fidgeting, inability to stay seated, intruding into other people’s activities, and inability to wait, that are excessive for age or developmental level.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD)
Group of neurodevelopmental disorders with a biological origin that is the basis for abnormalities at a cognitive level that are associated with the behavioral signs of the disorder.
Specific Learning Disorder (SLD)
Group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by abnormal and involuntary movements
Motor Disorders
A motor disorder characterized by the acquisition and execution of coordinated motor skills that are significantly lower than expected, given the individual’s chronological age and opportunity for skill learning and use
Developmental Coordination Disorder
A motor disorder characterized by repetitive, seemingly driven, and apparently purposeless motor behavior
Stereotypic Movement Disorder
Group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by the presence of motor or vocal tics, which are sudden, rapid, recurrent, non-rhythmic, stereotyped motor movements or vocalizations
Tic Disorders
A motor disorder with childhood onset, characterized by multiple motor tics and at least one vocal (phonic) tic being present for more than 1 year
Tourette’s Disorder
A motor disorder with childhood onset. characterized by single or multiple motor or vocal tics having been present during the illness for at least 1 year, but not both motor and vocal
Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder
A motor disorder characterized with childhood onset, characterized by single or multiple motor and/or vocal tics being present for less than 1 year
Provisional Tic Disorder
Disorders defined by abnormalities in one or more of the following five domains: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking (speech), grossly disorganized or abnormal motor behavior (including catatonia), and negative symptoms.
Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders
A schizophrenia spectrum or psychotic disorder characterized by a pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort & reduced capacity for close relationships, with cognitive / perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior
Schizotypal (Personality) Disorder
A schizophrenia spectrum or psychotic disorder characterized by the presence of one or more delusions that persist for at least 1 month
Delusional Disorder
A schizophrenia spectrum or psychotic disorder characterized by a disturbance that involves the sudden onset of at least one of the following positivepsychotic symptoms for at least 1 day but less than 1 month, with eventual full return to premorbid level of functioning: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, or grossly abnormal psychomotor behavior, including catatonia
Brief Psychotic Disorder
A schizophrenia spectrum or psychotic disorder characterized by the symptoms of schizophrenia being present for a significant portion of the time within a one-month period, but signs of disruption are not present for the full six months required for the diagnosis of schizophrenia.
Schizophreniform Disorder
A schizophrenia spectrum or psychotic disorder characterized by characterized by the presence of at least 2 of the following being present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period, in which continuous signs of the disturbance persist for at least 6 months: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, severely disorganized / catatonic behavior, or negative symptoms
Schizophrenia
A schizophrenia spectrum or psychotic disorder characterized an uninterrupted period of illness during which there is a major mood episode (major depressive or manic) concurrent with symptoms of schizophrenia. In this disorder, the symptoms of schizophrenia (specifically delusions or hallucinations) must be present for 2 or more weeks in the absence of a major mood episode (depressive or manic) during the lifetime duration of the illness.
Schizoaffective Disorder
Is defined as a state of psychogenic motor immobility and behavioral abnormality manifested by the presence of three or more of 12 psychomotor features: 1. Stupor (i.e., no psychomotor activity; not actively relating to environment).
- Catalepsy (i.e., passive induction of a posture held against gravity).
- Waxy flexibility (i.e., slight, even resistance to positioning by examiner).
- Mutism (i.e., no, or very little, verbal response [exclude if known aphasia]).
- Negativism (i.e., opposition or no response to instructions or external stimuli).
- Posturing (i.e., spontaneous and active maintenance of a posture against gravity).
- Mannerism (i.e., odd, circumstantial caricature of normal actions).
- Stereotypy (i.e., repetitive, abnormally frequent, non-goal-directed movements).
- Agitation, not influenced by external stimuli.
- Grimacing.
- Echolalia (i.e., mimicking another’s speech)
- Echopraxia(i.e., mimicking another’s movements).
Catatonia
Are separated from the depressive disorders in DSM-5 and placed between the chapters on schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders and depressive disorders in recognition of their place as a bridge between the two diagnostic classes in terms of symptomatology, family history, and genetics.
Once known as “Manic Depression”, traditionally involves one or more manic episodes and one or more depressive episodes.
Based on the level of severity of episodes and duration/chronicity, individuals may be diagnosed with other variations of Bipolar Disorder or Related Disorders.
Bipolar and Related Disorders
A Bipolar or related disorder characterized by a clinical course of recurring mood episodes consisting of one or more major depressive episodes and at least one manic episode, in which the major depressive episode must last at least 2 weeks, and the hypomanic episode must last at least 7 days
Bipolar I Disorder
A Bipolar or related disorder characterized by a clinical course of recurring mood episodes consisting of one or more major depressive episodes and at least one hypomanic episode, in which the major depressive episode must last at least 2 weeks, and the hypomanic episode must last at least 4 days
Bipolar II Disorder
A Bipolar or related disorder characterized by at least 2 years (at least 1 year in children and adolescents) in which there have been numerous periods with hypomanic symptoms that do not meet criteria for a hypomanic episode and numerous periods with depressive symptoms that do not meet criteria for a major depressive episode. During this 2-year period, the hypomanic and depressive periods are present for at least half the time and the individual has not been without the symptoms for more than 2 months at a time.
Cyclothymic Disorder
A group of psychiatric disorders with the common features sad, empty, or irritable mood, accompanied by somatic and cognitive changes that significantly affect an individual’s capacity to function.
What differs among them are issues of duration, timing, or presumed etiology.
Depressive Disorders
Depressive disorder characterized by severe recurrent temper outbursts present for more than 12 months manifested verbally and/or behaviorally that are grossly out of proportion in intensity or duration to the situation or provocation. Throughout that time, the individual has not had a period lasting 3 or more consecutive months without all of the symptoms in
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
Depressive disorder characterized by a period of at least 2 weeks during which there is either depressed mood or the loss of interest or pleasure in nearly all activities.
Major Depressive Disorder
Depressive disorder characterized by a depressed mood that occurs for most of the day, for more days than not, for at least 2 years, or at least 1 year for children and adolescents
Persistent Depressive Disorder or Dysthymia
Depressive disorder characterized the expression of mood lability, irritability, dysphoria, and anxiety symptoms that occur repeatedly during the premenstrual phase of the cycle and remit around the onset of menses or shortly thereafter.
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
A disorder with onset during the developmental period that includes both intellectual and adaptive functioning deficits in conceptual, social, and practical domains is defined by?
intellectual disability
adults who experience at least 2 years of both hypo-manic and depressive periods without ever fulfilling the criteria for an episode of mania, etc..
cyclo…disorder?
when an individual believes that he or she has exceptional abilities, wealth, or fame it is best by which of the following terms?
Grandiose delusions
