Lecture 1 - 6 Flashcards
L1 : Introduction To Media And Information Literacy L2 : The Evolution of Traditional L3 : Information Literacy L4 : Types of Media L5 : Media and Information Sources L6 : Camera
How to know if the articles are true or not?
Check the source
These are physical objects used to communicate with
Media
It is a broad term that covers processed data, knowledge derived from study, experience, instruction, signals or symbols.
Information
It Is the ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media in a variety of forms. It aims to empower citizens by providing them with the competencies (knowledge and skills) necessary to engage with traditional media and new technologies.
Media Literacy
It involves a continuum of learning, wherein individuals are able to achieve their goals, develop their knowledge and potential and participate fully in their community and wider society
Literacy
It is the ability of an individual, either working independently or with others, to responsibly, appropriately, and effectively use technological tools.
Technology Literacy
It ks the ability to recognize when information is needed, and to locate, evaluate and effectively communicate information in its various formats.
Information Literacy
It is the essential skills and competencies that allow individual engage with media and other information providers effectively, as well as develop critical thinking and life-long learning skills to socialize and become active citizens
Media and Information Literacy
Why study MIL?
to understand the functions of media and other information providers and seek, evaluate, use and create information to achieve their personal, social, occupational and educational goals.
The MIL subject and the modules that will be used in this course will be using the same pillars UNESCO built on:
critical thinking, self-expression, and participation.
I should believe everything I read online.
True or False
False
There are a lot of literacies included in MIL
True or False
True
MIL is concerned about metacognitive learning, self-expression, and participation.
True or False
True
This is the ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media in a variety of forms.
Media Literacy
This is the ability to recognize when information is needed, and to locate, evaluate and effectively communicate information in its various formats.
Information Literacy
This is the ability of an individual, either working independently or with others, to responsibly, appropriately, and effectively use technological tools
Technology Literacy
This is a broad term that covers processed data, knowledge derived from study, experience, instruction, signals or symbols.
Information
This is the ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate, and compute using printed and written materials associated with varying contexts.
Literacy
This refers to any physical object used to communicate messages.
Media
MIL is an essential skill in the 21st century.
True or False
True
It is a theory that believes technology is a steering factor in how a society develops its structures and values
**Technological Determinism
**
People used the power of steam, developed machine tools, established iron production, and the manufacturing of various products (including books through printing press)
Industrial Age
People discovered fire, developed paper from plants, and forged weapons and tools with stone, bronze, copper and iron.
Pre-Industrial Age
The invention of the transistor ushered in the ________________ age?
Electronic Age
People harnessed the power of transistors that led to the transistor radio, electronic circuits, and the early computers. In this age, long distance communication became more efficient.
Electronic Age
The Internet paved the way for faster communication and the creation of the social network. People advanced the use of microelectronics with the invention of personal computers, mobile devices, and wearable technology. Moreover, voice, image, sound and data are digitalized.
Information Age
The interconnection via the Internet of computer devices embedded in everyday objects, enabling them to send and receive data
Internet of things
What are the 5 functions of communication and media?
**1. Inform the citizens of what is happening.
2. Educate the Audience
3.Provide a platform for public discourse
4. “Watchdog” Role of Journalism
5. Channel for Advocacy for Political Viewpoints
In immediacy, traditional media is often delayed by press times. Most are made beforehand and is scheduled to release at specific times. (True or False)
true
New media often has a targeted audience and traditional media generally caters to a wider audience poo. Ads and Information floating on social media is guided by demographics and geography.
Range
New media is more immediate
(True or False)
True
Traditional media places are more final. Once it was released, the story sticks for a while.
(True or False)
True
Because of the dynamic aspects of New media, publishers have more control to the publishing time and details of a post.
(True or False)
True
This media posts can be retracted quite easily. There is no much delay once it happens.
New Media
It is usually involves two-way communication.
New Media
This media pieces are often thought about ahead of time. There is no way to control the opinion/messages of the viewers, though
Traditional
This media is one-way.
Traditional Media
It views prevalent among the general public.
Public Opinion
Meaning and Significance
Educate the Audience
Monitoring Function
Inform citizens of what is happening
This is the era when books were started to be manufactured through printing press.
Industrial Age
He is a Canadian theorist who provide an explanation as to how media evolved through technological determinism.
Marshall McLuhan
This era have the most alive and full of energy communication because they don’t have words, so they have to act or shout for them to understand each other,.
Pre-Industrial Age
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of New Media?
a. It is more interactive.
b. Users are more involved.
c. It integrates all the aspects of old media.
d. Concentrated on a particular “domain skill”
d. Concentrated on a particular “domain skill”
Joshua and Thea started a thread on how to fight against Malnutrition to celebrate the Nutrition month this July. What functions of media did they utilized in that situation?
a. Inform citizens of what is happening
b. Channel for advocacy for political viewpoint
c. Provide a platform for public discourse
d. “Watchdog” role of journalism
c. Provide a platform for public discourse
Ms. Reyes is searching for a way to teach her students on the “ Principle of Electromagnetism” but she finds it difficult to demonstrate. Instead of explaining she showed the video of an episode from Sineskwela. What function of media was used in this situation?
a. To educate the audience
b. To inform the citizen of what is happening
c. To provide a platform for public discourse
d. To be a channel for advocacy for political viewpoints.
a. To educate the audience
What type of media is a blog?
New Media
A period characterized by the dominance of the electric media.
Electronic Age
This theory postulates that technology is the force that shapes society.
Technological Determinism
In the early period, education was expensive but with the discovery of , education became available to everyone.
a. Students
b. Teachers
c. Books
d. Printing
d. Printing
Data that has been collected, processed, and interpreted in order to be presented in a useable form.
Information
A set of individual competencies needed to identify, evaluate and use information in the most ethical, efficient, and effective way across all domains, occupations and professions.
Information Literacy is a basic human right in the digital world
It is where an individual is capable of understanding information and media messages from different information sources and is able to evaluate and use that understanding appropriately to solve problems.
A media and Information literate individual
The media- and information-literate individual understands and appreciates the functions in society of media and other information providers, such as libraries, museums, archives, the Internet, and educational and research institutions working in this field.
(True or False)
True
Instead of this phrase, what terms are we encouraged to use?
Misinformation and Disinformation
It’s been used to label many different kinds of content from plain lies and falsehoods to unverified rumors; from outdated news to propaganda. This term is—?
Fake News
Deliberate publication of private information for personal or corporate rather than public interest, such as revenge porn. Deliberate change of context, date or time of genuine content. What kind of information is this?
Malinformation
Fabricated or deliberately manipulated audio/visual content. Intentionally create conspiracy theories or rumors. What kind of information is this?
Disinformation
Unintentional mistakes such as inaccurate photo captions, dates, statistics, translation, or when satire is taken seriously.
Misinformation
It defines the information problem and identify the information needed
Task Definition
It determines all possible sources and select the best sources
Information-seeking strategies
It locate sources and find information within the sources
Locate and Access
It engages (e.g. read, hear,view, touch) and extract relevant information
Use of information
It organizes information from multiple sources and present the information
Synthesis
It judges the product (effectiveness) and the process (efficiency)
Evaluation
Another way of avoiding the problems and challenges of understanding and analyzing information is through Online Verification Skills and Fact-checking resources.
Fact Checking
It is an overabundance of infroamtion- some accurate and some not- that makes it hard for people to find trustworhty sources and reliable guidance when they need it
Insurgence of Infodemic
What are the 7 Stages/Elements of Information Literacy
- **Identifying/recognizing information needs.
- Determining sources of information.
- Citing or searching for information.
- Analyzing and evaluating the quality of information.
- Organizing, sotring or archiving information.
- Using infor ation in an ehtical, efficient and effective way.
- Creating and communicating new knowledge. **
It is a model designed to help people solve information problems.
Big 6
This type of news media used to be the only way of delivering information to the public. For the generation information to the public. For the generations of the 80s and 90s, it is the only media of entertain.
Print Media
The main sources of it are television and radio. We can watch all types of events which are happening on earth. Usually, people are interested to watch the news regarding spiritual, politics, sports and so on.
Radio is also the source of broadcasting we can hear all kinds of news on it and also enjoy the music on it through changing the channels.
Broadcast Media
It is one of the oldest platforms of media and people went to the theaters to watch it but know people can watch movies at home via safelight and cable in HD resolution.
Film/Cinema
It is only grown in youth with high dimension and more graphics. They are the form of electronic media devices. Now they are also available on mobile phones and people are easily accessible to them.
Video Games (Digital Games)
The internet is one of the newest sources of ____. The majority of the users prefer the internet to watch news quickly. It is more fast and capable in compare to any other source of _____.
New Media
Forms of elctronic communicatiomn (such as web sites) through which people create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, etc.
Social Media
An online place where we can comment, message, or discuss a particular topic. Forums allow us to share knowledge with other people with the same interest. That’s why it’s regarded as the bestn platform to seek support and assistance.
Online Forums
A series of audios focused on a particular topic or theme. We can listen to them on a computer or a mobile phone. It’s a platform that allows anyone to share their knowledge and communicate with the world.
Podcast
It refers to the merging of previously distinct media technologies and platforms through digitization and computer networking.
Media Convergence
are information on the surface of a printed page
Print Media
It is also a business strategy whereb y communications companies integrate their ownership of different media properties.
Media Convergence
are disseminated through waves
Broadcast media
Media Convergence is also known as ?
Technological Convergence
It is a motion media
Film
Media convergence is also called ______________, ______________, or ___________.
Media Consolidation, Media Concentration, or Economic Convergence
These are interactive animations.
Video Games
It includes social media which is a mode of interaction uing technological devices.
New Media
It refers to channels of communiation that invovle transmitting infromation in some way, shape or form to large numbers of people.
Mass Media
Are intended or unintended consequences of what the mass media does
Media Effects
It is when people think they are more immune to media influence than others.
Third-party Theory
When a person or event gets media attention, it influences the way the person acts or the way the event functions.
Reciprocal Effect
It refers to media-induced change that is counter to the desired change.
Boomerang Effect
Media coverage often increases self-consciousness, which affects our actions.
Reciprocal Effect
It’s a theory that states that media exposure, specifically to television, shapes our social reality by giving us a distorted view on tha amount of violence and risk in the world.
Cultivation Theory
(George Gerbner)
It is the government agency responsible for rating television programs and films in the Philippines.
MTRCB
(Movie and Telvision Review and Classification Board)
In movie classification ratings, what does G means?
Viewers of all ages are admitted.
In movie classification ratings, what does PG means?
Viewers below 13 years old must be accompanied by a parent or supervising adult.
In movie classification ratings, what does R-13 means?
Only viewers who are 13 years old must be accompanied by a aprent or supervising adult.
In movie classification ratings, what does R-16 means?
Only viewers who are 16 years old and above can be admitted.
In movie classification ratings, what does R-18 means?
Only viewers who are 18 years old and above can be admitted.
In movie classification ratings, what does X means?
‘X-rated’ films are not suitable for public exhibition.
It process whereby the mass media determine what we think and worry about
Agenda-setting Theory
(Lippmann/McCombs and Shaw)
The model tries to understand how the population is manipulated, and hwo the social, economic, political attitudes are fashioned in the minds of poeple through propaganda.
Propaganda Model of Media Control
(Herman & Chomsky*
Public reacts not to actual events but to the pictures in our head, created by media.
Agenda-setting Theory
(Lippmann/McCombs and Shaw)
It is a persuasive message that intends to influence people to favor certain ideas or make certain decisions.
Propaganda
Propaganda can be used for a variety of causes. from “good” to “bad” ones.
True
What are the four propaganda techniques?
- **Activate strong emotion
- Simplify information and ideas
- Respond to audience needs and values
- Attacks opponents**
Artifacts, letters, and photographs are examples of _______?
Primary Sources
This source evaluation practice emphasizes the importance of checking for updated version of the web page.
Currency
It was name as the best search engine, and was developed by Larry Page and Sergey Brin
This internet source evaluation practice states that biases should not be included in getting the right information; otherwise, the information becomes invalid
Objectivity
The internet has been around since ________ as a means of computer communication of the US defense department
1969
This printed sources provides important news article about timely issues
newspaper
newspaper
map
Some people prefers this kind of printed source because of its enticing graphics which are applicable to visual learners
magazines
The Philippine has ____ indigenous groups
110
This kind of knowledge is local which is shared within a society and culture
Indigenous
It is owned, controlled and managed by indigenous peoples in order for them to develop and produce culturally appropriate information in the languages understood by the community by utilizing indigenous materials and resources, reflecting community needs and interests, visions and aspirations, and independent from vested interested groups.
Indigenous Media
Characteristics of Indigenous Media
1. Oral tradition of communication
2. Store information in memories
3. Information exchange is face-to-face
4. Information are contain within the border of the community
A building or room containing collections of books, periodicals, and sometimes films and recorded music for people to read, borrow, or refer to.
Library
This serves colleges and universities
Academic Libraries
They serve cities and towns of all types.
Public Libraries
They are often classified in four groups, namely: academic, public, school and special.
Libraries
They serve students from Kindergarten to grade 12
School Libraries
They are in specialized environments, such as hospitals, corporations, museums, the military, private business,and the government.
Special libraries
It is a global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities, consisting of interconnected networks using standardized communication protocols.
Internet
These libraries may be either digital or physical in form. (true or false)
True
The Internet is considered by many as a resource for news and information. (true or false)
true
Things to consider in evaluating information:
1. Reliability
2. Accuracy
3. Value
4. Authority
5. Timeliness
Information is said to be reliable if it can be verified and evaluated. Others refer to the trustworthiness of the source in evaluating the reliability of information.
Reliability of Information
It refers to the closeness of the report to the actual data. Measurement of accuracy varies, depending on the type of information being evaluated.
Accuracy of Information
Information is said to be of value if it aids the user in making or improving decisions.
Value of Information
Much of the information we gather daily do not come from a primary source but are passed on through secondary sources such as writers, reporters, and the like. Sources with an established expert on the subject matter are considered as having sound authority on the subject.
Authority of the Source
Reliability, accuracy, and value of information may vary based on the time it was produced or acquired.
Timeliness
While a piece of information may have been found accurate, reliable, and valuable during the time it was produced, it may become irrelevant inaccurate with the passing of time (thus making it less valuable) (true or false)
true
Other information may be timeless, proven to be the same in reliability, accuracy, and value throughout history. (true or false)
true
evaluating information found ln the internet:
1. Authorship
2. Publishing body
3. Accuracy and Verifiability
4. Currency
It comes from the french word meaning ‘type’ or ‘class’
Genre
They are systems of signs, which create meaning
Codes
They can be recognized by its common set of distuinguishing features (codes and convention)
Genre
What are the type of codes?
- Technical
- Symbolic
- Written
They are the generally accepted ways of doing something
Conventions
What is difference between codes and conventions?
Codes - might be individual to the media text you are analysing
Conventions - something they all share within a genre
It refers to how the camera is operated, positioned and moved for specific effects.
Camerawork
ways in which equipment is used to tell the story (camera techniques, framing, depth of fields, lighting and exposure, etc.)
Technical Codes
It is the process of choosing, manipulating, and arranging images and sound
Editing
What are the three types of code?
Technical
Symbolic
Written
It is the expressive or naturalistic use of sound. It can be diegetic or non diegetic
Audio
It is the manipulation of natural or artificial light to selectively highlights elements of the scene
Lighting
It refers to how the camera is operated, positioned and moved for specific effects.
Camera work
What are the three technical codes camera techniques?
Basic Camera Shots
Advance Camera Shots
Camera Angles
Shots under Basic Camera Shots
Extreme Wide Shot
Wide shot
Medium shot
Medium Close-up
Close-up
Extreme close-up
Shots under advance camera shots
two shots
Cut away
Over the shoulder
Point of view
Selective focus
Arc shot
Shots under Camera Angles
Eye-level
High angle
Low angle
Bird’s eye view
Worm’s eye view
Slanted (canted)
Moving the camera lens from left to right, vice versa.
Pan
True or False: You should never pan more than your can move from left to right
True
Moving the camera upwards and downwards.
Tilt
Moving the camera physically from left to right, or vice versa whilst remaining perpendicular.
Truck
True or False: You should not tilt more than your head can.
True
True or False: pan and tilt has the same rule.
true
It shows what is beneath the surface if what we see
Symbolic Codes
It is the time and place of the narrative
Setting
It is a french term that means “everything within the frame”
Mise en scene
In media terms it has become to mean the description of all objects within a frame of the media product an how they have been arranged
true
True or False: when discussing setting, you can describe the setting of the whole story or just a specific scene
True
The actors portray characters in media products and contribute to character development, creating tension or advancing.
Acting
It has highly cultural and strong connotations.
Color
When studying the use of color in a media product the different aspects to be looking at are:
Dominant color
Contrasting foils and Color symbolism
the use of language style and textual layout (headlines, captions, speech bubbles, language style, etc.)
Written Codes
