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Pathophys II > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The cardiovascular system consists of:

A

Circulatory blood vessels

Heart

Regulatory cells

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2
Q

The venous side of the circulatory system is known as this side

A

The capacitance side

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3
Q

The arterial side of the circulatory system is considered this side:

A

The resistance side

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4
Q

Blood return from dependent areas are supported by these 2:

A

Valves & skeletal muscle contraction.

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5
Q

Intravascular Blood Distribution of the veins (%)

A

64%

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6
Q

Intravascular Blood Distribution of the lungs (%)

A

9%

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7
Q

Intravascular Blood Distribution of the capillaries (%)

A

5%

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8
Q

Intravascular Blood Distribution of the greater arteries (%)

A

7%

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9
Q

Intravascular Blood Distribution of the lesser arteries & arterioles (%)

A

8%

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10
Q

Intravascular Blood Distribution of the heart during diastole (%)

A

7%

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11
Q

Of the 4 heart chambers, these are the priming pumps

A

Atria

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12
Q

This structure is attached to the diaphragm, spinal column & other attachment sites.

It also has a major influence on resting diastolic pressure.

A

Pericardium

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13
Q

The outer membrane of the pericardium is known as the…

A

fibrous parietal pericardium

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14
Q

The inner membrane of the pericardium is known as the…

A

serous visceral pericardium

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15
Q

Pericardial fluid is produced by this membrane

A

inner/serous visceral pericardium

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16
Q

Presence of excess fluid in the pericardial sac generally due to pericarditis is known as…

A

Pericardial Effusion

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17
Q

Which ventricle has more wall musculature?

A

Left ventricle by 3x

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18
Q

Valves that regulate blood movement into the aorta and pulmonary artery.

A

Semi-lunar valves

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19
Q

Valves present between atria and ventricles on each side of the heart.

A

Atrioventricular valves

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20
Q

The atrioventriculr valve on the left side of the heart is called…

A

Mitral valve

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21
Q

The atrioventriculr valve on the right side of the heart is called…

A

Tricuspid valve

22
Q

A failure of the aortic valve to close tightly, causing a back flow of blood into the left ventricle is called…

A

Regurgitation (specifically mitral valve regurgitation)

23
Q

The stage of cardiac pumping where normal dilation of heart chambers following systole causes the chambers fill with blood.

A

Diastole

24
Q

The stage of cardiac pumping where the contraction of the ventricles expell blood into the pulmonary arteries & aorta.

A

Systole

25
Q

The 4 stages of cardiac pumping required for a complete pump cycle:

A

Early Diastole

Late Diastole

Atrial Systole

Ventricle Systole

26
Q

Stage of cardiac pumping where the mitral & tricuspid valves open between the atria & ventricles

A

Late Diastole

27
Q

Stage of cardiac pumping where the aortic and pulmonary artery valves are closed

A

Late diastole

28
Q

Stage of cardiac pumping where ~70% of ventricular filling occurs

A

Late Diastole

29
Q

At the start of this stage of cardiac pumping, the AV valves shut

A

Ventricular systole

30
Q

During this stage of cardiac pumping, the aortic & pulmonary valves open

A

Atrial and Ventricular Systole

31
Q

Ventricular ejection starts with the opening of these valves

A

Aortic & pulmonary artery valves

32
Q

This represents the percent blood ejected from ventricles during each stroke.

A

Ejection fraction

33
Q

This stage is also known as protodiastole

A

Early Diastole

34
Q

In this stage the ventricular contraction is maxed out before aortic & pulmonary artery valves close

A

Early diastole

35
Q

In this stage, the relaxation of the ventricles cause these valves to open

A

AV valves

36
Q

The duration of systole decreases from 0.27 sec to 0.16 sec as the heart rate…

A

Increases

37
Q

The duration of diastole decreases from 0.62 sec to 0.14 sec when heart rate…

A

Increases

38
Q

Cardiac perfusion and the majority of ventricular filling occurs during…

A

Diastole

39
Q

Pulse velocity depends on these 2 things of the arterial vessel

A

Size and wall stiffness

40
Q

The blood pushed into the aorta forces blood forward through the vascular system creates a pressure wave that moves in what relation to velocity?

A

Independent

41
Q

What causes a “thready” pulse in shock victims?

A

Decreased stroke volume

42
Q

What is the cause of a “bounding” pulse?

A

High stroke volume

43
Q

The 1st heart sound (S1) is caused by this valse closing at the start of ventricular systole

A

AV valves

44
Q

The 2nd heart sound (S2) is caused by the closing of what valves after ventricular systole

A

Aortic & pulmonary artery valves

45
Q

This heart sound is caused by the in-rush of blood into the ventricles

A

3rd heart sound (S3)

46
Q

This heart sound is known as a ventricular gallop, can be heard in youth, athletes, pregnancy & those with CHF

A

3rd heart sound (S3)

47
Q

This heart sound is caused by ventricular filling and would be heard before S1, if at all.

A

4th heart sound (S4)

48
Q

This heart sound is caused by high atrial pressure and/or ventricular stiffness that is seen with ventricular hypertrophy.

A

4th heart sound (S4)

49
Q

This is an abnormal sound heard over the heart due to accelerated, turbulent blood flow generally due to disease of heart valves.

A

Murmur

50
Q

This is an abnormal sound heard over the blood vessels, eg. heard over atherosclerotic carotid artery.

A

Bruits

51
Q

This is caused by a narrowing of blood vessels that results in a transient acceleration of blood & turbulance.

Can be important predictor of strokes or other cardiovascular injury or disease.

A

Bruits

52
Q
A

Pathophys II (4 decks)

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