lecture 1

Question 1

what is necrosis?

Answer 1

pathological process, death of TISSUES following bioenergetic failure and loss of plasma membrane integrity. Induces inflammation and repair.

Question 2

what is coagulative necrosis?

Answer 2

firm pale area surrounded by inflamed area. Typically caused by infarction. Involves coagulation of cellular proteins. Initially firm but later soft.

Question 3

what is coliquative necrosis?

Answer 3

when the dead area becomes liquified, often seen in the brain. Proteolysis dominates over coagulation

Question 4

what is caseous necrosis?

Answer 4

type of necrosis which results in a pale yellow semi-solid material, seen in tuberculosis.

Question 5

what is gangrene?

Answer 5

necrosis with putrefaction. Follows vascular occlusion or infection and is black.

Question 6

what is the difference between apoptosis or programmed cell death (PCD)?

Answer 6

apoptosis is morphological; PCD is intent

Question 7

what are some examples of PCD?

Answer 7

In embryology, in inflammation death of neutrophils, Autoimmune disease

Question 8

what is fat necrosis?

Answer 8

related to death of fat cells, direct trauma, surgery, enzymatic lysis - pancreatitis

Question 9

what type of cell death can be both physiological or pathological?

Answer 9

apoptosis

Question 10

in which type of cell death is the cell membrane maintained?

Answer 10

apoptosis

Question 11

which type of cell death is cell specific?

Answer 11

apoptosis

Question 12

in which type of cell death are the dead cells phagocytose by inflammatory cells?

Answer 12

necrosis

Question 13

what is proptosis?

Answer 13

part apoptosis but then necrosis. Associated with salmonella

Question 14

what type of cells can be replaced if lost?

Answer 14

labile and stable cells

Question 15

what type of tissues can be defined as labile?

Answer 15

blood, skin and gut

Question 16

what type of tissues can be defined as stable?

Answer 16

liver and kidney

Question 17

what type of tissue is defined as permanent?

Answer 17

neurones and skeletal muscle

Question 18

what is healing by primary intention?

Answer 18

little or no tissue lost, the edges of the incision are joined by a thin layer of fibrin which is ultimately replaced with collagen.

Question 19

what is healing by secondary intention?

Answer 19

the laceration becomes filled with granulation tissue which eventually contracts leaving a scar. extensive cell loss, more fibrin and necrotic tissue.

Question 20

what are keloid scars?

Answer 20

scar tissue formed with excessive fibroblast proliferation and collagen production