Lecture 1 Flashcards
All eukaryotes that have been studied have at least ______ chromosomes
two
DNA molecules are always (circular/linear)
linear
In order for the genome to fit into the nucleus it must be ______
packaged
Define genome
the complete haploid genetic complement of a cell
define transcriptome
the genes expressed in a cell under a given set of conditions
define proteome
The complement of proteins present in a cell under a given set of conditions
what is a haploid cell?
one copy of a gene
What do nucleosomes consist of
Core histones + linker histones + ~180bp dsDNA
what are the core histones?
2H2A, 2H2B, 2H3 and 2H4
what are the linker histones?
H1a-e, H1o, H1t, and H5
A single (core/linker) histone is attached to each nucleosome.
linker
Chromosomes are characterized by having a _______ which has a specific position within each chromosome.
centromere
Define telomeres
The terminal ends of the chromosomes
Define chromatids
the arms of the chromosome
when do chromatids become easily visible?
after chromatin condensation
How are individual chromosomes recognized?
by the lengths of their chromatids and the location of the centromere relative to the telomeres
Define Heterochromatin
condensed chromatin that is transcriptionally inactive
What are the two types of heterochromatin?
- Constitutive
- Facultative
What is Facultative heterochromatin?
Mitochondrial Genome special features
- It is circular ds DNA
- It codes for respiratory genes
- Include those involved in ATP production
- It codes for some ribosomal RNA’s and transfer RNA’s
- Highly variable in size within species
Chloroplast Genome
- Very consistent in size across different plant species
- Very consistent in genes contained
- They code for synthetic genes. Ribosomal genes, and transfer genes
They lost some of the function that the used to have because it gets compensated with genes from the nucleus
