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BIO 450 > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

All eukaryotes that have been studied have at least ______ chromosomes

A

two

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2
Q

DNA molecules are always (circular/linear)​

A

linear

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3
Q

In order for the genome to fit into the nucleus it must be ______

A

packaged

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4
Q

Define ​genome

A

the complete haploid genetic complement of a cell

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5
Q

define transcriptome

A

the genes expressed in a cell under a given set of conditions

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6
Q

define proteome

A

The complement of proteins present in a cell under a given set of conditions

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7
Q

what is a haploid cell?

A

one copy of a gene

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8
Q

What do nucleosomes consist of

A

Core histones + linker histones + ~180bp dsDNA

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9
Q

what are the core histones?

A

2H2A, 2H2B, 2H3 and 2H4

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10
Q

what are the linker histones?

A

H1a-e, H1o, H1t, and H5

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11
Q

A single (core/linker) histone is attached to each nucleosome.

A

linker

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12
Q

Chromosomes are characterized by having a _______ which has a specific position within each chromosome.

A

centromere

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13
Q

Define telomeres

A

The terminal ends of the chromosomes

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14
Q

Define ​chromatids

A

the arms of the chromosome

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15
Q

when do chromatids become easily visible?

A

after chromatin condensation

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16
Q

How are individual chromosomes recognized?

A

by the lengths of their chromatids and the location of the centromere relative to the telomeres

17
Q

Define Heterochromatin

A

condensed chromatin that is transcriptionally inactive

18
Q

What are the two types of heterochromatin?

A
  1. Constitutive
  2. Facultative
19
Q

What is Facultative heterochromatin?

A
20
Q

Mitochondrial Genome special features

A
  1. It is circular ds DNA
  2. It codes for respiratory genes
    1. Include those involved in ATP production
  3. It codes for some ribosomal RNA’s and transfer RNA’s
  4. Highly variable in size within species
21
Q

Chloroplast Genome

A
  1. Very consistent in size across different plant species
  2. Very consistent in genes contained
  3. They code for synthetic genes. Ribosomal genes, and transfer genes

They lost some of the function that the used to have because it gets compensated with genes from the nucleus

22
Q
A

BIO 450 (2 decks)

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