Lecture 1 Flashcards
AV Hill
Heat in Muscle
August Krogh
Developed a gas analyzer to measure CO2 within 0.001%
Otto Meyerhof
Consumption and Lactic Acid Consumption
J.S Haldane
Measure of VO2 during exercise
Harvard Fatigue Lab
Founded by: Lawrence J Henderson
[OG] Directed by: David Bruce Dill - Didn’t retire for a long time (92)
1st lab determined physiology during Exercise
Focused on physiology of human movement and effects of environmental stress on exercise
Surgeon Generals Report 1996
ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY: 30 mins of moderate activity everyday
Kinesiolgy
Study of human movement
1 Kilocalorie Conversion (kcal)
4.184 Kilojoules (Used in european countries)
1000 Calories
1 Kilogram (kg)
2.2lb
1 inch
- 54 cm
0. 0254 m
1 Liter
1000 ml
Energy Systems
Stored ATP-CP (Immediate) Anaerobic Metabolism/Glycolysis (short term) Aerobic Metabolism (long term)
VO2
Volume of oxygen consumed at a given workload. ONLY WHAT HAS BEEN CONSUMED BY LUNGS. Measures aerobic fitness (mlO2/kg/min)
Homeostasis
Maintenance of a constant internal environment
Steady state
Relates to an unchanging situation. HR is not increasing or decreasing
Anaerobic Threshold
Onset of blood lactate accumulation. It is the point at which the extra energy for exercise must come from anaerobic sources and therefore increase blood lactate
Oxygen Consumption
Relative
Absolute
MET
One MET is equal to the resting metabolic rate of 3.5 ml O2/kg/min.
To get mets from VO2 divide your VO2 by 3.5
Skill Components of Fitness
Balance, Coordination, Agility
Health Components of Fitness
Cardio Respiratory Fitness Musculoskeletal Strength Musculoskeletal Endurance Musculoskeletal Flexibility Body Comp
Current ACSM/AHA Recommendations
Mod Cardio 30 mins 5 days a week
Vigorously intense Cardio 20 mins a day 3 days a week
8-10 strength training exercise for 8-12 reps 2x a week
C.G Douglas
Douglas Bag
Dr. Dudley Sargent
Harvard Hired him to help improve fitness of students
Acute Responses
How body responds to individual bouts of Physical Activity
Chronic Adaptations
Mark how the body responds over time to the stress of repeated bouts of exercise, referred to as training effects
Carbohydrate
Short and long term systems
Protein
Function depends on amino acid
Fat
Glycerol: Short and long term systems
Fatty Acids: Long term system only
Oxygen Deficit
The difference between oxygen uptake of the body during early stages of exercise and during a similar duration in a steady state of exercise
Oxygen Debt
the extra oxygen that must be used in the oxidative energy processes after a period of strenuous exercise to reconvert lactic acid to glucose and decomposed ATP and creatine phosphate to their original states.
Ventilatory threshold…
Predicts anaerobic threshold
Relative Oxygen Consumption
Dividing oxygen consumption by your body weight
Absolute Oxygen Consumption
However much oxygen you can put into your body
Maximum oxygen consumption
The total amount of oxygen you can take in your body
Total daily energy expenditure
10% feeding
60-75% RMR
15-30% Physical Activity
Cell Structure
Cell Membrane: Semipermeable (Glucose)
Nucleus: Genetic Material
Cytoplasm: Anaerobic Processes
Mitochondria: aerobic processes (POWER HOUSE)
Substrates
Carb(4 kcal/g)/Fat(9 kcal/g)/Protein(4kcal/g)
Bioenergetics
Converting substrates to energy and what happens in the cell at this time
Metabolism
Chemical Reactions in the body
1,000 cal
= 1 kcal = 1 Calorie (Dietary)
Endergenic Reaction
Requires addition of energy in order to proceed
storing
Exergonic reaction
Gives off energy (takes stored and uses it to move and stuff)
All Carbohydrate are converted to…
Glucose. We use that for energy.
Where do you store glucose?
Liver and muscle (some in blood)
Most concentrated is in the liver in the form of glycogen
Most total is in the muscle
