Lecture 1

Question 1

Which war started a new revolution in orthoses and prostheses?

Answer 1

WWII.

Question 2

Name and describe the three types of teams that are present for those with amputations.

Answer 2

1. Multidisciplinary: Several members of the team, and each one has a very distinct role.
2. Interdisciplinary: Similar, but there is more interdependence. Focus is on pt goals.
3. Transdisciplinary: Duties overlap.

Question 3

What is the leading cause of amputations in the USA?

Answer 3

Dysvascular disease.

Question 4

What are the most common independent factors leading to amputations? (4)

Answer 4

1. Diabetes
2. Hypertension
3. Dislipidemia
4. PAD/PVD

Question 5

True or False: UE are more affected than LE in terms of amputations as a cause of dysvascular diseases?

Answer 5

FALSE. LE are more affected w/ dysvascular diseases because there is WB involved, they are more difficult to see and clean, and it’s more difficult to get blood flow to those areas as compared to the UE.

Question 6

True or False: Dysvascular disease amputations typically tend to affect limbs bilaterally?

Answer 6

TRUE. If blood flow is having a difficult time reaching one limb, it will typically be the case for both, especially because of the nature of the 4 diseases (DM, HTN, Dislipidemia, and PVD/PAD).

Question 7

Why does a TTA typically do better than a more distal amputation such as a phalangeal amputation?

Answer 7

A foot or toe amputation usually does worse than a TTA or a TFA because there is worse circulation down there. We can also prosthetically fit a TTA or TFA better than a foot.

Question 8

What population of adults is most typically affected in traumatic amputations?

Answer 8

Young adult males.

Question 9

Other than dysvascular diseases, and trauma, what is another leading cause of amputations?

Answer 9

Cancer, particularly osteosarcoma.

Question 10

What is a Primary Focal Femoral Deficit (PFFD) and how is it treated?

Answer 10

A PFFD is a congenital condition in which the patient’s femur fails to grow completely, but the distal limb grows as it should. The treatment for this is now a rotationplasty.

Question 11

Which is the noun and which is the adjective: orthotic and orthosis; prosthetic and prosthesis.

Answer 11

Noun: Orthosis (plural: orthoses)
Adjective: Orthotic
Noun: Prosthesis (plural: prostheses)
Adjective: Prosthetic

Question 12

What are the corresponding names for the following site amputations:
Toe
Forefoot
Midfoot
Ankle
Tibia
Knee
Femur
Hip
Pelvis

Answer 12

Toe: Phalangeal
Forefoot: Ray resection, transmetatarsal
Midfoot: Chopart, Boyd, Pirogoff
Ankle: Syme
Tibia: Transtibial (TTA), Below the Knee (BKA) 
Knee: Knee Disarticulation
Femur: Transfemoral (TFA), Above the Knee (AKA)
Hip: Hip Disarticulation
Pelvis: Hemipelvectomy

Question 13

What are the 7 basic prosthetic components?

Answer 13

Foot unit
Ankle unit
Knee unit
Interface (liner)
Shank
Socket
Suspension